350 PROF. E. HULL, LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., ON 



not be much change in the condition of Greenland or of the 

 neighbouring seas except in the direction of increase of cold 

 and greater accumulation of snow and ice. As regards 

 Scandinavia we may safely infer that, owing to the increase 

 of cold and the enormous precipitation of snow on the 

 western slopes of the mountains, the snow line would 

 descend far below its present limits, and glaciers Avould 

 enter the sea north of the Arctic circle, where the ocean 

 would resemble that of Davis Straits at the present day. 

 That the highlands of the British Islands would be suffi- 

 ciently cold to support perennial snow and glaciers may 

 also be assumed. At the present day some of the highest 

 parts of the Grampians are not much below the snow line, 

 and snow often lies on Ben Nevis and Ben Mac Dhui all 

 the year round. But we need not follow the subject further 

 except to observe that the additional accumulations of snow 

 on the higher regions would tend to intensify the cold 

 throughout all the adjoining tracts of Western and Northern 

 Europe and Asia. 



Part III. — Effects of Elevatiox of Land. 



But we must not forget that, as shown by Prof. Spencer, 

 and more recently by Mr. Warren Upham, the submerged 

 platforms and river-valleys occur along the American 

 coast at least as far north as the Susquehanna in lat. 

 42° N., while other drowned " fjords " have been deter- 

 mined by Lindenkohl in connection with the Hudson — 

 descending to 2,250 and 2,844 feet below the surface of the 

 sea.* These features indicate elevation of the American 

 continent — along the Atlantic coast — but, though not to the 

 extent which Avas indicated in the case of the Antilles, still 

 sufficient to have produced very marked effects on the 

 climate of Eastern America. If this be so, then to the. 

 cold produced by the lowering of the temperature of the 

 Gulf Stream must be added that due to increased elevation 

 of the continental land itself. The combined effect of these 

 two factors would, as it seems to me, suffice to call into 

 existence a glacial climate of great severity over the region 

 lying to the north of the St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes. 



As regards the area of the British Isles and Western 



* Report U.S. Coast Survey for 1834, pp. 435-81. J. D. Dana, Am. 

 Journ. /Set. iii, vol. xl, pp. 425-437. 



