172 ZOOLOGY. 



doptera, l)nt attack Colcoptera, Diptera, and probably members of all the 

 orders. Among the Hemiptera, the Aphides are extensively destroyed by 

 minute Ichneumons. In some cases a parasitic Hymenopter is itself 

 attacked by a smaller member of the same order. The eggs of insects and 

 spiders are simihirly attacked, and spiders also. These insects are very 

 active, flying and running about hi a restless manner, and vibrating the 

 antenna? as if excited. In their perfect state they are found upon flowers. 

 They are generally black or red colored, ^■aried with white or red, the 

 middle of the autennje being often white. 



Fam. 0. ChalcidiclcB {pi. 79, fgs. 34, 35). This is an extensive family 

 mostly of minute parasitic insects, many of which have bright or metallic 

 colors. In some forms the hinder femora are very thick, in some the 

 antenna) of the male are branched, and in Leucospis {fig. 23), the ovi- 

 positor of the female, when unemployed, is turned up along the dorsum. 



Fam. 7. P roctotrupidoz. This family contains minute species, with 

 hal)its like the two preceding families. Some of them are so small, that a 

 number of them may l)e jiarasitic in a single Q'gg of a butterfly. 



Fam. S. CJu'i/fiidids {C/u'/jsls, pi. TO, figs. 21, 26). This is a family of 

 small, oblong-bodied, brilliant, metallic-colored insects, wdiicli have the 

 power of rolling themselves into a ball, or at least of applying the venter 

 to the thorax beneath. The abdomen is attached by a short peduncle, its 

 extremity- has a tubular exsertile ovipositor, which is moved like the joints 

 of a telescope, and the termination is a sharp point. They are very active^ 

 and may often be seen during hot weather upon fences or dry sand, vibrat- 

 ing their antennae and moving about. Westwood thinks the egg is deposited 

 upon the food intended for the larvne of other species, and of which it 

 deprives the proper owner. 



Fa?ii. 9. Ci'ahronidm {Grahro.^ fig. 29). In this, the first family of the 

 Aculeata, the head is large and cpiadrate, the antennae short, the feet 

 slender, the anterior tibia with a pectinated spur, and the abdomen of the 

 female provided with a sting. The general color is some dark tint 

 varied with yellow spots. The adults frequent flowers, but feed their 

 young with insects. They gnaw holes in wood, in wliich they lay 

 their eggs, and a stock of provisions consisting of other larvas or adult 

 insects ; and we have on two occasions found dead branches of trees 

 (bored probably by members of this family) filled with Diptera, a single 

 species of the latter being taken in each case. The insects taken for the 

 food of the young are not killed entirely, but rendered torpid, so that they 

 may not decay before they are wanted. AVhen the store is complete the 

 aperture is closed. 



Fam. 10. Larridm. This is a small lamily allied to the preceding ; the 

 labrum is hidden, and the mandibles have a notch near the external base. 



Fam. 11. BemhecidcB. Tiiis is the smallest family in the order. The 

 mandibles are pointed, have an internal tooth, and the labrum is exserted. 

 It contains the genera Bemhex, Monedula^ and Stizus. These insects lay up 

 a store of insects in the ground for their young. Some of the species of 

 Stizus are considerably larger than hornets ; of black or dark colors, 

 ^76 . 



