ARTICULATA. 179 



those wliich fly by twiliglit, and have the antennte gradually thickened ; and 

 the third {Nocturna), the night-fliers, in which the antenna are usually filiform. 

 These sections correspond respectively to the extensive Linna3an genera, 

 Pajnlio, Sj)Mnx, and Phalcma. But the terms of these sections are not exact, 

 because some of the Crepuscularia and ^Mocturna are day-fliers, and on this 

 account Boisduval applied the name Rliopalocera (meaning club-horned) 

 to the Diurna, and Heterocera to the others, on account of their antennae 

 being variously formed. Blanchard names the latter Chalinoptera^ because 

 they (generally) have a kind of bridle to unite the posterior to the anterior 

 wings, and the former (the Diurna), Aclialinoptera^ because they want this 

 contrivance. The Achalinoptera (or Diurna) he separates into five tribes : 

 Papilioniens^ J^ijmphaliens^ Eryciniens^ Ilespenens^ and Ci/dimoniens. 



The Chalinoptera he divides into nine tribes ; Castniens^ Sesiens^ Ziygoi- 

 nie7is, SpMngiens, 'JSomhyciens, jVodueliens, Zfratiiens, Phaleniens, and 

 Pyraliens. 



Westwood divides the Ehopalocera into the families: 1, PapilionidcB; 

 2, TIeliconiidm; d, N^ymjyhalidm ; ■^^ EnjcinidcB ; q^ Lycccnidce ; 6, Ilesperi- 

 idoe; and the Hetekoceea into : \^ SpMngidm ; 2, UraniidoB ; d^ Anthro- 

 ceridcB (or ZygcBnidm) ; 4, Trachiliidce (or Sesiades^ Latr.) ; 5, IIepialid<£ ; 

 Q, Boinhycidoi ; 7,A7'dud(e; S,Zit/iosidw; 9, JVoctuidw ; 10, Geometridw; 

 11, Pyralidce; 12, TortrieidoB ; 13, Yponomeutidw ; 14, Thieidce; 15, 

 AlucitidcB. 



In the Nomenclator Zoologicus of Agassiz the following families are 

 admitted, but a uniform termination is not given : Papilionides, Nyctalidece^ 

 Sphingides^ Sesice, Zygcenides, Chelonarii, Bomhyoes, JVoctuoe, Geometrce, 

 Pyi^alides^ Tortrlces^ Tinece^ Pterophorii. 



Fam. 1. Pterophoridce. This family includes several genera of small 

 insects remarkable for having all the wings deeply split into narrow pieces 

 which are frino-ed and resemble feathers, whence one of the genera has been 

 named Pterophorus {P. pentadactylus^ pi. 79, jig. 77). The rays of the 

 wings can be folded over each other. 



Fam. 2. Tineidcc {pi. 79, figs. 81-87). This is an extensive flmiily of 

 small narrow-winged butterflies, with the rostrum generally rudimentary, 

 and the antennae ordinarily raised over the head. These insects are among 

 the smallest of the Lepidoptera, and although their colors are generally 

 sombre, many of them are beautiful objects. In their larva state various 

 species, as Tinea pellioneUa {fig. 84), are destructive to clothing, feathers, 

 hair, and similar materials, which are used as food, and to construct a kind 

 of cocoon which the larva carries with it. The larvee of other sj)ecies (as 

 Tinea granella., fig. 81) feed upon stored grain. 



Gallerea cereana {fig. 83) lives in beehives, where it destroys the honey 

 and causes the death of the bees. The larva seems to feed upon the wax. 

 Some authors separate Ryponomeuta and a few other genera in which the 

 wings inclose the sides, and the posterior ones are the largest, and folded. 

 Hyponomeuta {figs. 86, 87), Plutella {jig. 82), Lemmatopliila {fig. 85). 



Fam. 3. Tortricidce {pi. 79, figs. 78, 79, 90, 91, 92). In this family the 

 wings are enlarged near the shoulder, a little deflexed, and when closed, 



383 



