ARTICULATA. 181 



113), Miselia oxyccuithm {fig. 109), Plusla trlplasia {fig. 110), P. gamma 

 {fig. 118), Xilina exoleta {fig. Ill), CuculUa umbratica {fig. 115), C. 

 verhasci {fig. 116), Phlogopliora metkulosa {fi^g. 117), TripJuBna promihrv 

 (/</. 119), Oatocala fmxini {fig. 120), 0. pacta (fig. 121), C. sp)onsa {fig. 

 122), C.paranympha {fig. 123), Scoliopteryx libatrix {fig. 129), one of the 

 few species found in America as well as in Europe ; Episema co&ruleo- 

 cephala {fig. 136). 



Fam. 7. Bomlyddce {pi. 79, figs. 130-135, 137-151 ; j^?. 80,/^^. 4-7). 

 This is the family of the silkworms, which contains some of the largest 

 and handsomest species of nocturnal butterflies. The mouth is in most 

 cases rudimentary, the wings in repose are either horizontal or deflexed, and 

 the antenniTg bi-pectinate in the males. The larvse have sixteen feet ; they 

 feed upon leaves, and spin a silken cocoon out of a single thread, with the 

 aid of a gummy matter, which soon hardens. Several species are reared for 

 the silk, and this valuable material might be furnished in greater quantity, 

 were it not that in some cases warm water will not dissolve the gum of the 

 cocoon as it does in Bombyx mori {pi. 79., fig. 149), and in others the silk 

 is so intermixed with leaves, and wrapped about branches, that there is a 

 difficulty in unwinding it. Some of the larvse are gregarious, living together 

 in large numbers, sjiinning webs upon trees, and often destroying vegetation. 

 Some of the large members of this family, as the Chinese Ilyalophora atlas., 

 have a bare space in the wings which is as transparent as mica. In othei's 

 this is replaced by colored spots. 



Cossus Ugniperda {pi. 79., fig. 135), is three inches or more in the expanse 

 of the wings ; its color is whitish varied with brown, and streaked with black. 

 The larva burrows in the living.wood of 'willows, poplars, and ash, feeding 

 upon the chips which it separates with its powerful jaws. It grows three 

 years in the larva state, when it becomes a pupa in one of its galleries, in a 

 cocoon made of silk mixed with fragments of wood. 



Clisiocampa castrensis {pi. 79, fig. 146), Cneustria {fig. 147), Eriogaster 

 lanestris {fig. 150), Pcecilocampa populi {fig. 140), Lasiocampa rubi {fig. 

 151), N'otodonta camelina {fig. 130), N'. ziczax {fig. 134), Centra mmda 

 {fig. 148), Orgya antigua {fig. 133), 0. fascilena {fig. 137), Liparis 

 cJirysorhma {fig. 141), L. dispar {fig. 142), Pygcera hucephala {fig. 128), 

 Clostera curtula {fig. 138), Demas coryll {fig. 139). 



Lasiocampa qiiercK 8 {pi. SO, fig. 1), Deiidrolwnis pini {fig. 2), Odonestis 

 potatoria {fig. 3), GastropacTia quercifolia {fig. 5), Aglia tau {fig. 6), 

 NagelfieclcnusstrauchrotJib uch enspinner. 



Fam. 8. ArctUdae,. This family is named Chelonides by Eoisduval, and 

 is recognised by the spotted abdomen, and the bright colors of the wings, 

 particularly the inferior ones. Westwood places N'otodonta and its allies in 

 this family, whilst Boisduval and Stephens place them in a distinct one. 

 The genus Arctia, as given here, admits of a division into various sub- 

 genera. 



Callimorpha jacolcecB {pi. 79, fig. 124), Arctia fuliginosa{fi.g. 125), A. 

 matfonula {fig. 126), A. domimda {fig. 127), A. purpurea {fi>g. 131), A. 

 lubricipeda {fig. 132), A. Jicra {fig. 143), A. caja {fig. 144). 



ICONQGRAPHIC ENCYCLOPAEDIA, VOL, II, 25 ^^^5 



