VARIATION IN PUP^. 201 



and their more or less oviform pupa {Pupa Latreille) ; 

 the Coleoptera (figs. 41, 42, and 43), Hymenoptera, and some 

 Diptera, by the scaly head of the larva {Larva Latreille), 

 and the disengaged limbs of the pupa {Nijmpha Latreille;) 

 and the Orthoptera (figs. 30, 31), Hemiptera, &e., by the 

 active imago-like larva {Demi-larva Latreille), and active pupa 

 {Demi-nympha). Thus, by an ingenious arrangement, we 

 have the following distribution of metamorphoses : — 



1. Metamorphosis inchoafa, equivalent to the Linna^an 



section, ha\dng complete pupa. 



2. M. dimidiata, semi-complete pupa. 



A. Respu-ation in larva tracheal. Gryllus, &c. {M. semi- 

 completa Fabricius.) 



B. Respiration in larva branchial. Ephemera. {M.sub' 

 semi-completa MacLeay.) 



3. M. perfecta. Preparatory states. Semi-larva and Semi- 



nympha Latreille. 



A. Pupa with detached limbs {Pupa incompleta Linn.) 

 Preparatory states. Larva and Nympha Latreille. 

 {Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, &c.) 



B. Pupa mummy-shaped (P. oJ^ecifa Linn.) Preparatory 

 states, Eruca and Chrysalis Latreille. . {Lepidoptera.) 



C. Pupa concealed by an egg-shaped covering, formed 

 of the skin of the larva (P. coarctata Linn.) Pre- 

 paratory states, Vermi-larva and Pupa Latreille. 

 {Diptera.) 



Mr. Newman, in the Memoir already alluded to, has given 

 another and equally ingenious arrangement of insects from 

 their preparatory states. The names of his groups ai-e, how- 

 ever, like those of Linnaeus, founded merely upon the nature 

 of the pupa state, and therefore cannot be applied as charac- 

 teristic of the general metamorphosis. His arrangement is 

 as follows : — 



