LXXII BUREAU OF AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY 



organization, as in the Iroquoian long house, the Dakota and 

 Kiowa camping circle, and many other examples. In these 

 and all other known cases the relation between the consan- 

 guineal group and tlie habitation is expressed and perpetuated 

 by devices mainly of mystic or niythologic character. So, 

 among the Navaho, the family domicil is the family temple. 

 It is invested in the minds of the occupants with superphysical 

 attributes in the form of mysterious potencies ever \\'orking 

 for or against the interests of the family and clan and tribe ; 

 hence the erection and dedication of the house are made fidu- 

 cial ceremonies, regulated by a ritual embodying the faith of 

 the builders. The Navaho house or hogan is of interest as a 

 type of primitive habitation. It is of far deeper interest as a 

 tangible expression of a primitive faith, and as an example of 

 a widespi-ead domicil cult culminating in the lares and penates 

 of classic history. 



Aecheological Expedition to Aeizona in ISSf) 



Related in habitat and hence in habits to the Navaho, and 

 correspondingly antithetic to the Kiowa, were the prehistoric 

 Pueblo peoples, whose ruins were successfully explored by Dr 

 Fewkes in 1895. The Pueblo peojiles, ancient and modern, 

 grew up under hard environment ; shadowed ever b}- the spec- 

 ters of thirst and famine, they were exceptionally impressed by 

 the potencies of pitiless nature and the impotency of their own 

 puny power ; and like other desert peoples, seafarers, and risk- 

 haunted folk generally, they developed an elaborate system of 

 ceremonies and symbols designed to placate the mysterious 

 jiowers. The ruins of the prehistoric settlements abound in 

 relics of the ancient tribesmen and their mystical cult ; and 

 the relics are largely interpretable through researches in the 

 modern pueblos. 



Occupying an arid region in which water is the most precions 

 of all commodities, the Pueblo peoples early acquired skill 

 in the manufacture of utensils adapted to the conservation 

 of water, and eventually became the potters par excellence of 

 aboriginal America. It was quite in accord, too, with the lines 

 of primitive thought that the fictile ware, representing the 



