MCGEE] EXPEDITIONS OF 1X94 AND 1895 13 



where a temporary Serl rancheria was found occupied by about sixty 

 of the tribe, iucluding subchief Mashem, who speaks Spanish. In this 

 part of the work the expedition was accompanied by Senor Pascual 

 Encinas, the owner of the rancho visited, and doubtless the best 

 informed white man concerning tlie habits, customs, personnel, and 

 habitat of the tribe. About a week was spent in intercourse with the 

 occupants of the rancheria, when the studies were brought to an end 

 through the illness of Sefior Encinas, and the consequent necessity for 

 return to Ilermosillo. The expedition then proceeded northwestward 

 and northward along a route so laid as to detine the western limits of 

 Papagueria proper, and reached Tucson near the end of the year. In 

 addition to the leader, the party comprised Mr William Dinwiddie, 

 photographer; Jose Lewis, Papago interpreter, and E. P. Cunningham, 

 teamster. The outfit was furnished chietiy by Mr J. M. Berger, of San 

 Xavier (near Tucson). On the visit to the Seri frontier the party was 

 accompanied by Senor Encinas, Don Arturo Alvemar-Leou (who acted 

 as Spanish interpreter), and two or three attaches of Mollno del Encinas.' 



The second expedition was directed primarily toward investigation 

 of the Seri, and only incideutally to continuation of the researches 

 among the Papago. Outfitting at Tucson in October (again with the 

 aid of Mr Berger), the expedition proceeded southward by a route 

 different from those previously traversed, and carried forward a plane- 

 table route survey covering a considerable zone from the international 

 boundary at Sasabe to Ilio Sonora. Descending the previously 

 unmapped course of Rio Bacuache, the expedition reached the Rancho de 

 San Francisco de Costa Rica on December 1, 1895, and, although condi- 

 tions were found unfavorable in that the Seri were on the warpath, 

 immediately prepared for the extension of the work into Seriland. 



A preliminary trip was made into the mainland portion of the Seri 

 habitat, terminating at the crest of Johnson peak, the highest point in 

 Sierra Seri. The triangulation and topographic surveys were carried 

 over the territory traversed, and several points were fixed on Isla 

 Tiburon ; but the natives, agitated by a skirmish with vaqueros on 

 the frontier a day or two earlier, had withdrawn to remoter parts of the 

 territory, and were not encountered. The party returned to Costa Rica, 

 a rude boat was completed, transported across the desert via Pozo 

 Escalante to Embarcadero Andrade, and launched in Bahia Kunkaak. 

 The surveys were extended to the southern portion of Sierra Seri and 

 Isla Tassne, and, after various ditiiculties and delays due to dearth of 

 fresh water, to gales, and to other causes, the party (enlarged for the pur- 

 pose) finally landed on Tiburon. Many Seri rancherias were found on 



' The more noteworthy details of the orgauization and work of the two expeditions are set forth in 

 the administrative reports of the Bureau for the fiscal years 189-1-95 and 1895-96. Certain members of 

 this party are shown in the accompanying half-tone, forming plate II; Senor Encinas seated at the end 

 of the table; hi.s son, Don Manuel (barelieadcd), and Dun Ygnacio Lozania at his right: a grandson 

 behind liim, and Seiior Alvemar-Leon seated at his left, with Mashem kneeling over the table in the 

 foreground. 



