McuEKl COMPARATIVE LEXICOLOGY 323* 



"man (boiuo)", ;iu<l thu Cocbinii of Padre Claviyero has lamii, "mau'', anil tlio Lay- 

 mou, tanui, lammii, or liimmd, "man", and tlicre is seemingly nu absolutely satisfac- 

 tory method of ascertaining whether the / of Mr Bartlett's delmii, '■man", is genetic 

 or not. Hut as the Layinon and the Cochimi are apparently cognate dialects, it is 

 probable that the form rfe/ma of Bartlett's Cochimi and the iamd or idmmd of the 

 Laymon and the Cochimi of Padre Clavigero are cognate vocables. The part of the 

 terms which the two dialects have in common is the final and usually accented -md; 

 in other words, -md is tlie common conceptual element in the vocables delmd and 

 tamd. This of course rests on the presumption that iamd and delmd are compound 

 terms, having probably genetic relationship. The following facta may aid in dis- 

 covering the lexica constituting the elements of the two words in question, and 

 these, it is seen, are -md, del-, and (o-. In Dr \V. M. Gabl)'s record of Cochimi words, 

 collected by him in the vicinity of San Borja and SantiiGertrudis al)Out the "center 

 of the jien insula" of Lower California, tlu! term " Indian" is ro]iresented by muha-li, 

 and "people" by maha. On the same schedule with the Cochimi Dr Gabb recorded 

 a vocabulary of the Kiliwee, dwelling 1.50 miles "further nortli " at and near .San 

 Quentiu. In this dialect, which is Yuman, the word '• Indian" is rendered by kimai, 

 and "people" by melia-le (preferably mexale'). The apparently genetic accord- 

 ance between the Kiliwee word for "people" and the Cochimi terms donating 

 "Indian" and "people" is brought into stronger light by a comparison of the terms 

 for "warrior"; in the ('ochimi, mach-karai (max'-karai), in the Kiliwee, mahk-pkdiai 

 (maxk-pkdtai). The unquestioned kinship between these two dialects warrants the 

 inference that these two compound expressions, denotive of the same thing and 

 po.s8essiug at least one common I'lemeut, max- <'i' max'-, 'uust accord approximately 

 at least, in the signification of their hoteromor|)hic constituents. 



In the Kiliwee pah-kiile signifii'S "a chief", from e-pa, "Indian", benco"man" 

 (primitively) and kute for (k)e-lai, "large, great", hence "old", found in such 

 expressions as sal-kootai, " thumb ", literally "Large finger", and pah-tai, " old", but 

 literally "old man". So the name for a chief may be rendered freely " the elder 

 person; the old man (the wise man)". The Cochimi term mack-ka-i', as written by 

 Dr Gabb, denotes "far", while maeh-i-kang-i-nga means "near". These vocables 

 m.iy preferably be written thus, mnx'-kae and mux'-kun-U'ia. The ending -iiiti is a 

 ])rivative tlexiou or suffix in Cochimi, forming derivatives with meanings directly 

 adverse to those of the priraals; so the literal signification of Hia^'-/.aji-i«a is "not 

 far", hence "near"; but in max'-kae the final -kae is the adjective "large, great", 

 having here an intensive function signifying aj)proximately "more", while )k«^'- is 

 evidently a form of the proxinuite pronominative found in the terms "thou" and 

 "ye" in this group of languages. In the Laymon kahal ka, " Avater large (is)", for a 

 "sea or stream of water", ka signifies "large, great"; and the Cochimi kUttenyi, 

 "few, not much ", is literally kdtte- for {k)ctai, "large, great, much, many ", and -iiii 

 the privative denoting "not". And the Laymon meten, "many, much", is evidently 

 from m- for ma (a proximate pronominative), eta for thc^ Cochimi etai, "large, great, 

 much, many", .and the final -;i. Compare Bartlett's modo, "all, todos", and modol- 

 ii'ti, "many, much". Such are some of the forms of the adjective signifying "great, 

 large, mucii, many'". There is also in the ('ochimi an in'ensive pa, thai, Hid, which 

 signifies "very". This explains the presence of the p- so ind in the term maxli-p- 

 kdtai, the Kiliwo<' for "warrior". 



It has thus been shown that a probal>le connection exists between the Cochimi 

 terms miilia, " people ", and maha-ti, " Indian ", on the one hand, and the max-, infer- 

 entially signifying " man '' in the Cochimi and Kiliwee names for " warrior", max'- 



•In Dr Gabb'a alphabet, an underscored cA occurs, which, he states, sounds "like soft German 

 'ch' as in 'ich'", and also an underscored/*, which is, he says, " heavily aspirated ". For conveni- 

 ence the character x lias been substituted lor both these sounds, except that for the former it is 

 accented thus x'. 



