CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 141 



Age of aboriginal American records 141 



Aboriginal American calendars 141 



The A\'alam Olum of the Delawares 142 



The Dakota calendars 142 



Other tril)al records 142 



The Kiowa calendars 143 



Annual calendars of Dohasiin, Polan'yi-katon, Set-t'an, andAnko... 143 



The Auko monthly calendar 145 



Comparative importance of events recorded 145 



Method of fixing dates 146 



Scope of the memoir 147 



Acknowledgments 147 



Sketch of the Kiowa tribe 148 



Tribal synonymy 148 



Tribal sign 150 



Linguistic affinity 150 



Tribal names 152 



Genesis and migration 152 



Early alliance with the Crows 155 



The associated Kiowa Aiiache 156 



The historical period 156 



Possession of the Black Hills 156 



The extinct K'liato 157 



Intercourse with the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa 158 



Eccollections of other northern tribes 160 



Acquirement of horses 160 



Intercourse and war with the Comanche 161 



Peace with the Comanche 162 



Confederation of the two tribes 164 



Neutral attitude of New Mexicans 165 



Relations with other southern tribes 165 



First official American notices, 1805-1807 165 



Explanation of "Aliatan" and "Tetau" 167 



Unsuccessful overtures of the Dakota 167 



Smallpox epidemic of 1816 -■ 168 



The Kiowa in 1820 168 



The Osage massacre and the dragoon expedition, 1833-34 168 



The treaty of 1837 169 



Catlin's observations in 1834 171 



Traders among the Kiowa 171 



First visit to Fort Gibson 172 



Smallpox epidemic of 1839^0 — Peace with Cheyenne and Arapaho 172 



Texan Santa V6 expedition 172 



Cholera epidemic of 1849 173 



Fort Atkinson treaty in 1853 173 



Depredations in Jlexico — Mexican captives 173 



Defeat of allied tribes b_v Sauk and Fox, 1854 174 



131 



