166 CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA [eth.ann.17 



met any of the Kiowa, but heard of them from the tribes living on 

 the river. By that time the Kiowa, whom the es])lorers erroneously 

 supposed were distinct from the " Wetepahatoes," had been driven out 

 of the ISlack Hills, which were then in possession of the Cheyenne, 

 while the Dakota held the country to the eastward. The Kiowa were 

 tlien on tlie Padouca or North Platte. This agrees with the statements 

 of old men of the Dakota confederacy, who informed the writer that 

 within their early recollection that tribe had lived between the North 

 Platte and the Niobrara, having been expelled from the Black Hills by 

 the Dakota of the preceding generation. 



The official report of Captain Lewis describes the Kiowa (" Kiawas" 

 and "Wetepahatoes'') as living in 1805 on the North fork of the 

 Platte, and numbering 70 tipis, 200 warriors, and 700 souls, while the 

 Kiowa Apache ("Cataka") lived somewhat farther north, on the head- 

 waters of tlie two forks of Cheyenne river, and are estimated at 25 

 tipis, 75 warriors, and 300 souls. While the figures thus given for the 

 Apache are probably nearly correct, those for the Kiowa are much too 

 low, unless we assume that they had been so greatly reduced by the 

 war with the Dakota. The alliances and wars of the two tribes, Kiowa 

 and Apache, were the same, they carrying on a defensive war with the 

 Dakota and being at peace with all the other tribes of the region, 

 particularly with the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa. The account 

 continues : 



They are a wandering nation, inhabit an open country, anil raise a great number 

 of horses, which they barter to the Kicaras, Mandaus, etc, for articles of European 

 manufactory. They are a well-disposed people, and might be readily induced to 

 visit the trading establishments on the Missouri. From the animals their country 

 produces, their trade would no doubt become valuable. These people again barter a 

 considerable proportion of the articles they obtain from the Menetares, Ahwah- 

 haways, Mandans, and Ricaras to the Dotames and Castapanas. . . . Neither 

 these people ("Kiawas"), the Wetejiahatoes, nor the Chyennes have any idea of 

 exclusive right to the soil (Lewis and Clark, 1). 



The Dotames and Castapanas (for Castahanas) here mentioned are 

 described as living back of the Kiowa, between the head streams of 

 the North Platte and the Yellowstone, and were probably bands of the 

 Shoshoni. From tliis it appears that besides being well supplied with 

 horses, with which they carried on a profitable trade at this period 

 with the tribes on the Missouri, the Kiowa also acted as the trading 

 medium between these tribes and others living in tlie mountains beyond 

 the Kiowa. The officer suggests the mouth of Cheyenne river as the 

 most suitable jdace to establish a trading post for them. The Crows 

 are described as having then the same wars and friendships as the 

 Kiowa, excepting that they were at war with the Arikara as well as 

 with the Dakota {Lcicis and Clark, 2). 



The Comanche are described at this period (1805) under the name of 

 the "La Playes" division of "Aliatans" or "Snake Indians," as inhab- 

 iting the plains from the headwaters of the Arkansas, and including 



