170 CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA [eth.ann.17 



treaty," should be found in the country of the Kiowa, they should be 

 kindly treated by them. This was probably intended to refer only to 

 the immigrant tribes removed from the east, as it was hardly to be 

 expected that the Kiowa would act very hospitably toward any stray 

 Dakota or Pawnee who might occasionally visit the Arkansas in search 

 of Kiowa scalps or ponies. There was also a distinct understanding 

 that it was the desire of the government that perfect peace should 

 exist between the Kiowa and their allies and the republics of Mexico 

 and Texas. The usual presents were then distributed and everybody 

 was happj- {Treaties). 



The i^eace thus made with the Osage and Creeks was never broken, 

 although in after years relations with the Osage were somewhat sti'ained 

 in consequence of their serving as scoots against the allied southern 

 plains tribes. The promised friendshiiJ was also k.ept with regard to 

 the citizens of the United States until after the annexation of Texas, 

 ■which the Kiowa and Comanche never ceased to regard as a distinct 

 and hostile government, making a clear distinction between "Ameri- 

 cans," i. e., settlers and emigrants from the north or Kansas side, and 

 "Texans,"' whom they regarded as a different nation and their enemies, 

 in having driven them from their best hunting grounds in violation of 

 treaties and without compensation. 



The treaty commissioners on behalf of the government were General 

 Montfort Stokes and A, P. Chouteau, the latter being a member of the 

 noted pioneer trading company. Clermont and Eoly Mcintosh, head 

 chiefs of the Osage and Creeks, signed, with others, for their respective 

 tribes. Among the witnesses were a number of offlcers stationed at 

 Fort Gibson, including, among others, the commanding officer, Colonel 

 Whistler, the noted Captain Bonneville, and Colonel K. L. Dodge, who 

 had led the dragoon expedition. The treaty was signed by ten Kiowa 

 chiefs and principal men, three Apache (whose Kiowa names only are 

 given), and four Tawakoni. Below are given the names of the Kiowa 

 and Apache, as the earliest on record from these tribes, excepting those 

 given by Catlin, together with the proper forms and translations of 

 those which can be identified. 



Kioita 



Ta-ka-ta-coucbe, "Blafk Bird" {Couche-kongya, "Ijlack" f). 



Clia-hon-de-ton, "Flying Sciuirrel.'' 



Ta-ne-eongais, "St-a Gull" (f) {T'ene-kdngyo, "Black Bird"). 



Bou-tongais, "BlaikCap" {Bohov-longiju, " Blaik Cai>"). 



To-ho-sa, "Top of the Mountain" {Dohd-saii, "Little Bluft"). 



Sen-son-da-cat, "White Bird." 



Con-a-hen-ka, "Horned Frog" (S^hank'ia, "Horned Toad Man" ?). 



He-pau-ni-gais, "Night." 



Ka-him-hi, "Prairie Dog" (TseiVii ? "Dog"). 



Pa-con-ta, "My Young Brother." 



Apache 



Hen-tnn te, "Iron Shoe" {Ban-doli, "Iron Shoe, or Moccaain"). 



A-ei-kenda, "One who is Surrendered." 



Cet-ma-ui-ta, "Walking Bear " {Set-mante, "Bear Above ? or Walking Bear" f). 



