214 CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA [eth.ann.17 



became the guardian of all four, a comfortable home was provided for 

 them at Fort Leavenworth, and Congress authorized the stoppage of 

 an amount sufficient for the support of the children from the annuities 

 of their captors, the southern Cheyenne. A woman identified by them 

 as having taken part in the nuirder was sent with the other prisoners 

 to Florida {Record, 10; Report, r,n). 



Atrocities were, however, not confined to one side. In April, 1875, a 

 party of Texans attacked six Comanche, killing four men and a woman, 

 only one man escaping. The dead Indians, including the woman, were 

 beheaded, and the heads carried to the nearest town, where they were 

 said to have been preserved in alcohol {Report, 51). 



SURRENDER OF THE COMANCHE 



In response to overtures made through scouts Stilwell and Kilmartin, 

 another party of Comanche, numbering nearly two hundred, partly 

 Kwahadi, came into Fort Sill in April and surrendered to Colonel 

 (General) R. S. Mackenzie, who had succeeded Colonel Davidson in 

 command of the post, delivering up their arms and over seven hundred 

 horses and mules. Soon afterward Mackenzie sent another message 

 to the Kwahadi Comanche, Quanah's band, through Dr J. J. Sturm, 

 an experienced frontiersman. He found them near the head of Red 

 river and succeeded in persuading them to return with him to Fort 

 Sill, where they arrived on June 2, 1875, and surrendered their arms 

 and over fifteen hundred head of stock. The band numbered over four 

 hundred, including a few Apache. These were practically the last of 

 the hostiles, and thus the outbreak came to a close about a year after ~ 

 it had begun. Although the Indians had become impoverished by loss 

 of stock and camp equipage, their loss in killed was very small. Only 

 about twenty were captured, the remainder having surrendered volun- 

 tarily (Report, 52). 



About thirty-five hundred horses and mules had been surrendered 

 by the Kiowa and Comanche when they came in. Of these nearly 

 eighthundred were shot, one hundred were given to the Tonkawa scouts, 

 several hundred more were given to the military scouts or were stolen, 

 some were retui-ned to their owners, and about sixteen hundred were 

 sold for the benefit of the Indians, realizing about Si'L',000, which Col- 

 onel Mackenzie decided to invest in sheep and goats, with the inten- 

 tion of converting them into pastoral tribes like the Navaho (see the 

 calendar, 1875-70). The first horses surrendered had been shot before 

 this economic idea occurred to anyone. In addition to their losses by 

 the surrender, about two thousand horses and mules had been stolen 

 by Texas horse thieves from the friendly Indians camped near the 

 agency {Report, 53). 



PROPOSITION TO DEPORT HOSTILE TRIBES 



As a means of rendering the late hostiles forever harmless, and com- 

 Ijelling them to give up their nomadic hunting life and settle down to 

 earn their own living, it was proposed to deport several thousands of 



