MOONEV] AFFAIRS DURING 1888-1880 221 



otlier officials in trivial concerns, an Indian court consisting of three 

 judges was organized upon the reservation iu 1888 for the trial of minor 

 offenses and questions, tlie first judges appointed being Quauah, Lone- 

 wolf, and Tawakoni Jim, head chiefs respectively of the Comanche, 

 Kiowa, and Wichita (Report, 65). This court ia still in successful 

 operation. 



INTERTRIBAL COUNCIL OF 1888 



The questions of railroads through the reservations, intrusions, 

 allotments, and the ultimate opening of Indian Territory to white set- 

 tlement, had now assumed such proportions that the civilized tribes 

 had become alarmed and had called an intertribal council to debate 

 measures to meet the emergency. The council met at Fort Gibson, in 

 the Cherolvee nation, in June, 1888, with representatives of about 

 twenty tribes in attendance. Although recognizing civilization as 

 their ultimate destiny, they were strongly opposed to any change in 

 the tribal holding of their lands, and the sentiment was practically 

 unanimous against allotment or any disturbance of the existing tribal 

 system. The delegates and speakers from the Kiowa and associated 

 tribes were Tiibinii'naka and White- wolf for tlie Comanche, Big-tree for 

 the Kiowa. White-man for the Apache, and Caddo Jake for the Caddo, 

 Wichita, and smaller bands [Report, 66). 



DEATH OF SUN-BOY — THE LAST SUN DANCE 



In the fall of 1888 died Pai'-tiilyi', "Sun-boy," one of the last of the 

 prominent cliiefs of the old days of the buffalo hunt and the warpath 

 (see the calendar). The summer of 1890 is notable for the last sun 

 dance {l/ado) undertaken by the tribe. On this occasion the agent, 

 making objection to the ceremony, which the Indians refused to aban- 

 don, ordei-cd out the trooi)s from Fort Sill to prevent it. On their 

 arrival, although the Kiowa were at first disposed to resistance, upon 

 the advice of Stumbling-bear and some other of the cooler heads, they 

 finally dispersed to their homes, leaving the unfinished medicine lodge 

 standing (see the calendar). 



GHOST DANCE INAUGURATED — APIATAN'S JOURNEY IN 1890 



In the fall of 1890 Sitting-bull (Hana'chii-thiak), an Arapaho, came 

 and inaugurated the ghost dance among the Kiowa. As this subject 

 is treated at length in the author's work on ''The Ghost dance Reli- 

 gion," in the Fourteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 

 it need only be mentioned here. Like all the neighboring tribes 

 except the Comanche, the Kiowa went heart and soul into the new 

 religion, which was in line with the previous prophecies of D;itekaii 

 and Pa-iugya. A few months later they sent A'piatan, "Wooden lance," 

 a prominent young man of the tribe, to find the inessiah and investi- 

 gate and report upon his doctrine. On his return in the following 

 spring he denounced the new teacher as an impostor, whereupon the 



