230 CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA [eth.ann.17 



were afterward promoted, accordiug to merit or the necessities of war, 

 in regular progression to higher ranks. Only the bravest few, how- 

 ever, ever attained the highest order, that of the Kd-ifs(')U-o. Almost 

 every able-bodied man was enrolled. The orders, beginning with the 

 lowest, are as follows : 



1. Polii'nyup or TsiiTn/id, "Babbits." Boys above the age of eight 

 or ten years, who were drilled iu their future duties as warriors by cer- 

 tain old men. The step of their dance is intended to imitate the jump- 

 ing of a rabbit. 



2. Adalt/iyui or Tenbeiju'i, "Young (wild) Sheep." 



3. Tsentii'nmo, "Horse Head-dresses." (?) 



4. Tonh'mlio, "Black Legs." 



6. Taiipeko, "Skunkberry People" or Tsen-d'dalka-i, "Crazy 

 Horses." 



6. Kd'-itscnko, "Eeal or Principal Dogs ( !)." These were the picked 

 men of the warriors and were limited to ten iu number, Accordiug to 

 the myth, their founder saw in a vision a body of warriors dressed and 

 painted after the manner of the order, accompanied by a dog, which 

 sang the song of the Ka'-itsehko and commanded him, "You are a dog; 

 make a noise like a dog and sing a dog song." Their peculiar insignia 

 and obligations will be described iu another place (see the calendar, 

 summer 1846.) 



Clark gives the names of the Kiowa orders as follows, omitting the 

 Poliiiiyup: Haven Soldiers or Black Leggings {Toiiikonico); Sheep 

 (Adaltoyni); Feather Head {Tsentd'nmo); Horse [Kd-itsenko); War- 

 club ( Tiiripcko). He adds, " The Kiowa Apache have only three bands, 

 viz: 1st, Big Horse; 2d, Raven; 3d, Swift Fox" {Clark, G). 



At home the Yii'pahe acted as camp police and leaders in the tribal 

 ceremonies ; abroad they were the warriors and conductors of the hunt. 

 Battey gives an illustration of the system as he once saw it in prac- 

 tical operation : 



Being determined that none of their thoughtless young men should go raiding in 

 Texas and thereby bring trouble upon the tribe, the Kiowas, immediately after the 

 whole tribe got together ou Pecon creek, organized a military system, under the 

 control of the war chiefs, which was immediately put into operation. By this a 

 strong guard of their soldiers were continually watching day and night while in 

 camp to prevent any such enterprise from being undertaken. In moving from place 

 to jjlace these soldiers marched on each side of the main body, while a front guard 

 went before and a rear guard behind, thus preventing any from straggling. 



Their buffalo hunts were conducted in the same military order. The soldiers, 

 going out first, surrounded a tract of country in which were a large herd of buffalo, 

 and no one might chase a buffalo past this ring guard on pain of having his horse 

 shot by the soldiers. Within the ring hundreds of men ou horseback were chasing 

 and shooting the huge creatures with revolvers or bows and arrows until each had 

 killed as many .as his female attendants could skin and take care of (Batten, 14). 



HERALDIC SYSTEM 



In connection with their military and social organization the Kiowa 

 and Apache have a system of heraldry, which finds tangible expression 



