236 CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA [ethasn.17 



of these tribes there is a large captive element of which uo separate 

 account is taken, but investigation would probably show that at least 

 one-fourth of the whole number have more or less of captive blood. 

 The captives are chiefly Mexicans and Mexican Indians, with Indians 

 of other tribes, and several whites taken from Texas when children, 

 including one old man who still remembers having gone to school in 

 Germany and having crossed the ocean with his parents (see Pope in 

 Facijic, 3). 



Some of the estimates are based on the number of tipis or warriors, 

 an imcertaiu ratio, which varies greatly in different tribes. With the 

 Kiowa it may be assumed to equal 2 warriors and 6 or 7 souls to a tipi. 

 Below are given the various estimates and enumerations, beginning 

 with the earliest, that of Lewis and Clark in 1805. The estimates 

 of 1807, 1810, 1841-1845, and perhaps of 1850 probably include the 

 Apache. 



1805 — Kiowa and Wetepahatoe, 70 tipis, 200 warriors, 700 souls (Lewis and Clark, 5). 



1810—1,000 warriors, i. e., about 3,000 sotils (Pike, Expedition, 1810). 



1814 — Wate-pana-toe and Ryuwa, 200 warriors, 900 souls (Brackenridge, Views of 



Louisiana, 85, 1814). 

 1820— Wettaphato, 1,000 souls, 900 souls (Morse, 3). 

 1828—140 families (i. e., about 950 souls?) (Spanish doc. of 182S, in Societa Geog. 



Mex., 265, 1870). 

 1829— Keawas, 1,000 souls (Porter, in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iii, 596, 1853). 

 1836 — Kioways, 1,800 (estimate in Schoolcraft, iii, 611). 

 1841-45 — 1,800 souls (Indian Reports for these years; for the same period the Comanche 



are estimated at 19,200). 

 1846—400 tipis, 2,000 souls (Bent, in Rept., 1846). 

 1849 — 300 warriors, 1,500 souls, a ''careful estimate'' (Neighbors, Report, 1849; he 



estimates the Comanche at 4,000 warriors and 20,000 souls). 

 1850 — Kayuguas, 2,000 souls, not to exceed (War, 6). 

 1854 — 1,500 souls, probably not more than (Pacific, 3). 

 1854 — 2,800 souls (Agent Whitfield, Report, 1855; in the same report we fiud another 



agent estimating the Kiowa and Comanche at 20,000 in 1852). 

 1865—1,800 (Report, 1865); 1,500 to 1,700 souls, about 280 tipis, without Apache 



(Agent Leavenworth, in Report on Condition of Indian Tribes, 37, 1867). 

 1866 — Kiowa and Comanche, without Apache, 2,800 (Report, 1866). 

 18(37 — 280 tipis, 1,680 souls, without Apache (estimate in report of Medicine Lodge 



treaty, Indian Miscellany). 

 1867-68— Kiowa and Comanche, without Apache, 4,000 (Report, 1867 and 1868). The 



peace commission at the same time, 1867, estimates these two tribes at 



14,800. 

 1869-70—1,896 (Reports for 1869 and 1870). 

 1871—1,776 (Report). 

 1872—1,200; 1,930 (Report). 



1873—2,000 (Report) ; 1,600 to 1,650 at 6 to a tipi (Battcy, 17). 

 1874 — 1,700 (Report; all following are from the official reports). 

 1875—1,070. 

 1876—1,090. 

 1877 — same. 

 1878—1,120. 

 1879—1,138. 

 1880—1,139. 



