'looNE-i-i KIOWA SCALP DANCE 291 



of the head, M-ith two long scalp-locks or "horns." In this couuectiou 

 Dunbar says : 



The name Pawnee is most jirobably derived from j)a'n7,i, a horn, and seems to 

 have been once used by the I'awuees themselves to designate their peenliar scalp 

 loek. From the fact that this was the most noticeable feature in their costume the 

 name came naturally to be the denominative term of the tribe {Clark, IS. See also 

 summers 1841 and 1851, and winter 1852-53). 



The half circle above lepresents the circle of dancers opening in the 

 direction from which the warriors are returuiug, and the cross in the 

 center represents a fire made of a pile of buffalo chips around which 

 they danced. 



The Kiowa were camped in two divisions near the Salt fork of Arkan- 

 sas river when a war party of Pawnee stole the horses of the first camp, 

 whose warriors at once started in pursuit. In the meantime amither 

 party of Pawnee stole a number of horses from the Kiowa at the other 

 camp, who also sent their warriors in pursuit of the thieves. The first 

 Kiowa party overtook the Pawnee warriors, dismounted, and attacked 

 them, killing one. While this was transpiring the other band of the 

 Pawnee came up in the rear and stole the horses from which the riders 

 had dismounted to fight. The second Kiowa party, coming up behind 

 the Pawnee, at once attacked them, killed four, and recovered nearly 

 all the horses. 



As the victorious Kiowa warriors api^roached their home camp after 

 this double pursuit and encounter, they imitated the cry of a wolf, to 

 let their friends know that they had killed some of the Pawnee — desig- 

 nated as " Wolf- people" in the Kiowa language and in the sign language 

 of the plains — and their friends at once formed the circle and began the 

 dance to receive them, as indicated in the figure. The dance per- 

 formed on this occasion is a peculiar one, with a particularly pleasing 

 song accompaniment. 



The scalp dance is called A'dakld-'giUhi, literally ''hair-kill dance." 

 Should one of the war party have been killed, all the others go into 

 mourning (dodt) and do not rejoice or paint themselves as they return, 

 even though bringing back a scalp. In this case they hold no dance, 

 but sacrifice the scalp to the sun by "throwing it away" on some hill- 

 side. If, on the contrary, they have taken one or more scalps without 

 the loss of one of their own party, they return to camp in full war dress, 

 including their war bonnets, and with faces painted black, to show that 

 they have killed an enemy. They enter the camp running, to imitate a 

 charge, firing their guns and discharging arrows, to show how they had 

 met and struck the foe; if they approached in silence, they might be 

 mistaken for enemies. Their friends run out to meet them, shouting 

 '■'■ rmMgyli'fiya!^'' ("They are coming in triumph!"), and at once com- 

 mence preparations for the dance. The entry is generally made in the 

 morning, or perhaps just after noon, in order to give plenty of time to 

 prepare for the dance; should they reach the camp late in the evening, 



