294 



CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA 



[ETII. ANN. 17 



friends, they opened several of the bags nud fonnd tliem filled, some 

 with buffalo chips for fuel, and others with arrows, showing that the 

 Pawnee force had come to fight as soon as a favorable 

 opportunity offered. Disgusted by this treachery, they at 

 once attacked and defeated them, killed the chief, who 

 wore a shell gorget, and captured a boy, who was taken 

 by Set-iingya himself. It was an expensive capture, how- 

 ever, as will appear later. The Kiowa lost two promi- 

 nent men. Set iigyai, " Bear-on-trees," and Ten-at'ante, 

 " Little-heart.'' The fight occurred in Kansas, north of 

 the head of Medicine-lodge creek. 



I WINTER 18.51 -.53 



Mii'nyi Dd'f/yuln'm-de Sat, "Winter the woman was 

 frozen." The figure over the winter mark represents the 

 woman, indicated by the dress and belt with disks of Ger- 

 man silver. 

 During the winter the present chief, Zepko-eet-te, "Big- 

 bow," then a young man, stole a very pretty woman whose 

 husband was away on the warpath, and took her to his 

 own home camp. On coming near his father's tipi he 

 concealed the woman among the trees and went into the 

 tipi to get something to eat before going on. His father, who knew 

 what he had done, held him and prevented his return to the woman 

 waiting outside, who remained there exposed to the ex- 

 treme cold until her feet were frozen. 



To "steal" a woman is to elope with or take possession 

 of her in a manner contrary to tribal usage, i. e., secretly 

 and without having made the customary presents to her 

 relatives by which the transaction becomes ratified as a 

 marriage. 



STJIMIMER 1852 



Fio. 109— Winter 

 1851-5'-'— Wom- 

 an frozen. 



A'piitdte {K' a-fdgyU or Haiifogyii-lcia) Ehotal-de Pai, 

 "Summer that Touch-the clouds (Knife-shirt, or Irou- 

 shirt-man) was killed." There was no sun dance this 

 year. The Pawnee warriors killed a Cheyenne chief who 

 wore a cuirass. The cross marks over the human figure 

 represent the cuirass, and the tree with leaves shows 

 that it occurred during the summer. 



At a great Cheyenne camp upon a stream, apijarently 

 in Kansas or Nebraska, known to the Kiowa as Hd'ntso 

 F'a, "Canuou-ball (literally, metal rock) river," the Cheyenne, Arapaho, 

 and some Dakota had made medicine for a combined expedition against 

 the Pawnee, to which they invited the Kiowa and Apache, who were 



Fig. 110— Summer 

 1852— Iron-siiirt 

 killed. 



