MooxEYl BLACK-HORSE KILLED 297 



Mexican who had approached him unseen. No other Kiowa was killed. 

 Pii-tadal was one of tliis party. 



The man killed was one of tlie Iva/itsenko (see summer 1846), as 

 indicated by the headdress and the red sash of the order pendent from 

 his shoulder. He is further designated by his shield — represented 

 hanging at his side — which was made by Ak odalte, '' Feather- 

 necklace," and the picture of which is at once recognized by the old 

 warriors of the tribe. The name Pa'ngyiigiate may be rendered 

 "Sacrifice" or "Sacriflce-man," from pii'H<j])<i, a sacrifice or oftering 

 "thrown away" on the hills as a gift to the sun. 



SUMMER 18.54 



AyWdaldW P'« K'ddo, "Timber-mountain creek sun dance." This 

 dance was held upon the creek upon which the most 

 important treaty of the Kiowa was afterward made 

 (see winter 18r»7-(i8). The event of the summer was 

 the killing of Black-horse by the Sauk and other 

 allied tribes. 



The brother of Set-imkia, "Pushing-bear," more 

 commonly known as Stumbling-bear, had been killed 

 by the Pawnee, and at this dance he sent the pipe 

 around as a summons for a great expedition against 

 that tribe. Other tribes were invited to join the 

 Kiowa, and a large war party set out, consisting 

 of several hundred warriors of seven tribes — Kiowa, fig n5-simimei)H54— 

 Apache, Comanche, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Osage, and ^'i^^^khorse kiiie.i. 

 some Crows. They crossed the Arkansas and proceeded to the north- 

 east until they reached (juujyii F^a, "Pawnee river" (Smoky Hill), 

 where they met a small party of about eighty Siikibo (i. e., Sauk and 

 Fox), with a few Potawatomi, three cognate tribes which had been 

 removed from beyond the Mississippi to reservations in eastern Kan- 

 sas. The latter advanced against the Kiowa, who summoned them to 

 halt, but notwithstanding the great disparity in numbers, the eastern 

 Indians at once attacked the i)rairie warriors. Securing a sheltered 

 j)osition, and being all well armed with rifles with which "they hit 

 every time," while the Kiowa and their allies were in the open prairie 

 and armed chiefly with bows, the Sauk not only kept them off but 

 defeated them with the loss of about twenty killed, among whom were 

 twelve of the Kiowa, including Tsen-koiikya, "Black-horse," a promi- 

 nent war chief. 



This is the story as given by the Kiowa themselves, who asci'ibe 

 their disastrous defeat by a comparative handful of men to the rifles 

 in the hands of the Sauk warriors. This battle occurred either on 

 Smoky-hill or Saline river, in Kansas, about midway between the pres- 

 ent Fort Harker and Fort Hays. 

 17 ETH 3y I 



