MOONET] ANOTHER SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC 311 



"WINTEIl 1861-62 



Tii'daRop tSai, "Smallpox winter." The smallpox, like the measles, 

 is indicated by a human ligure covered with red spots (see 1839-40 

 and 1892). The Kiowa were camped for the winter about the Arkansas, 

 in the vicinity of A(laU:a-i Doha, in southwestern Kansas, and a pai'ty 

 went into New Mexico to trade. They stopped at a town in the moun- 

 tains at the head of the South Canadian, where smallpox 

 was prevalent at the time, and the people warned them 

 of the danger; they therefore left, but one Kiowa had 

 already bought a blanket, which he refused to throw 

 away, although requested to do so. On returning to their 

 home camp, about New Year, he was attacked by the 

 disease and died, and the epidemic spread through the 

 tribe; many died, and the others scattered in various 

 directions to escape the pestilence. The Cheyenne, Ara- 

 paho, Dakota, and other tribes also suffered greatly at 

 the same time, as appears from the ofBcial rei)ort {Report, 

 86). It was in consequence of this epidemic that the 

 Arikara abandoned their village lower down the Missouri rio. wn—winter 

 and removed to their present location near Fort Berthold, isei-ea— smaii- 

 North Dakota. 



It will be noticed that for several years the Kiowa appear to have 

 been drifting eastward from their former haunts on the upper Arkansas. 

 Although no definite reason is assigned for this movement, it may have 

 been due to the influx of white men into Colorado, consequent upon the 

 discovery of gold at Pike's peak in 1858, which would have a tendency 

 to drive away the buffalo as well as to disquiet the Indians. 



SUMMER 1862 



Td'dalkop Kyiilcdn E'ddo, "sun dance after the smallpox," or some- 

 times simply Tii'dalko}) K\id6, " smallpox sun dance." 

 It was held a short distance west of where the sun 

 dance had been held in 1858, on Mule creek, near 

 the junction of Medicine-lodge creek with the Salt 

 fork of the Arkansas. No event of importance 

 marked this summer, which is indicated only by the 

 medicine lodge. 



Fig. 131— Summer 1862- WIJ^TER 1863-6.3 



Sun dance after suiall- 



'""'' A'pcitsd't 8ai, "Treetop winter," or Tsenko Sdpdn 



Etpata Sai, "Winter when horses ate ashes." This winter the Kiowa 

 camped on upper Walnut creek {Tsodal-hentc-de F'a, "No-arm's river"), 

 which enters the Arkansas at the Great Bend, in Kansas. There was 

 unusually deep snow upon the ground, so that the horses could not 

 get at the grass, and in their hunger tried to eat the ashes thrown out 

 from the camp fires. 



