334 CALENDAR HISTORY OF THE KIOWA [etii. ann. 17 



chief led a large party of the Pawuee southward to visit the Wichita. 

 Agaiu in the winter of 1871-72, the same chief, with a party, started 

 on another visit to the Wichita, but for some reason turned back. The 

 next winter (1872-73) in consequence of renewed inroads of the Dakota, 

 the Pawnee were thrown iato an unsettled condition and the question 

 of removal to a safer situation began to be seriously discussed. It was 

 finally decided to send a small party under Lone-chief and one or two 

 others to the southern tribes to learn how these would look ui)ou 

 a general Pawnee niigratiou into Indian Territory. The delegates 

 visited the .Oto, Kausa, Wichita, Comanche, Kiowa, and Apache, :njd 

 ■were everywhere received in a friendly manner. The Pawnee then 

 invited the chiefs of the various tribes to meet them at the Wichita 

 camp, where the Pawnee si)eaker broached the proposition, stating 

 that his people wished to be at peace and had made up their minds to 

 come and live with their friends in the south. 



They received a cordial invitation from all the chiefs of the ditt'erent tribes, who 

 said that they had good land and plenty of buffalo for them, and the result was that 

 in 1873 the first party moved south and was followed by others, until in 1875 the 

 whole tribe had removed from Nebraska to the Indian Territory (Grinnell, Pawnee, 1). 



Grinnell is not entirely consistent with himself, but in another place 

 says that the first expedition under Lone-chief took place "the follow- 

 ing summer in August" of 1869 or 1870, and that it was on that occa- 

 sion that the Pawnee visited and made i)eace with the Kiowa, and 

 afterward visited the Comanche ( Grinnell, Paicnec, 2). 



The Quaker teacher, Battey, was with Kickingbird in the Kiowa 

 camp on Cache creek on the arrival of the Pawnee dancers, number- 

 ing forty-five, in March, 1873. He gives an extended account of their 

 reception and performance: 



A party of Pawnees came in last evening, giving notice of their arrival by their 

 headman and two or three others coming into camp, while the main body remained 

 2 or 3 miles distant. This morning a public reception w.as given them. 



The party was seen coming over a ridge in single file, bearing a white flag. 

 Approaching to within 20 rods, they planted their flag, upon which was painted the 

 single letter P, and sat down in a line on each side of it, facing the village. After 

 sitting in this manner for perhaps half an hour, during which they maintained entire 

 silence, and preliminary arrangements for their reception were made in the camp, 

 the chiefs, followed by most of the headmen, and these by the young men, women, 

 and children, went forth to welcome them. Upon drawing near to them, the Kiowa 

 chiefs w.alking with a slow step and dignfied mien, some of the old women set up a 

 chant in a shrill voice, whereupon the head chief of the Pawnees and two or three 

 others, perhaps the nearest in rank, arose, and with a quick, firm step approached 

 the Kiowa chiefs, and after embracing them retired to their former position. 



Others of the Pawnees came forward, a few at a time, until all had embraced and 

 been embraced by the Kiowa chiefs and headmen. The women, remaining some 

 distance behind, renewed their shrill chant from time to time. .Some of the Pawnees 

 occasionally placed a shawl or embroidered blanket upon the shoulders of a, Kiowa, 

 ■while several of the old men passed along in front of the whole line of the visitors, 

 shaking h.ands with them. After this the Pawnees set up a weird song, during the 

 continuance of which Kiowa fathers, each carrying a small child in his arms, bear- 

 ing a piece of stick in its little hands, young girls, and occasicmally a woman, would 



