MOONET] 



ADVANCEMENT TOWARD CIVILIZATION 



353 



Indians who had suitable teams and wagous — the latter furnished by 

 the goveinment — were permitted to haul supplies for the agency and 

 were paid for their labor as an inducement to get them to adopt the 

 white man's industries. As there was uo railroad near at that time, 

 most of the freight had to be hauled overland from Caldwell, Kansas, 

 a distance of 150 miles. For such labor during this year the Indians 

 received nearly $.s,0()0, and performed the work cheerfully 

 and in a satisfactory manner {Report, 105). 



WINTER 1884-85 



anE 



Fig. 177— Winter 

 1884-85— Win- 

 ter camp; Ton- 

 ak'il's elope- 

 ment. 



The Set-t'an calendar has a house above the winter 

 mark, which is interpreted to mean that the Kiowa camped 

 all winter on the Washita near Set-k'opte's house, just 

 above the agency. This was the fact, but another in- 

 formant suggests that the original intention was to 

 record the event tliat the Kiowa about this time began 

 to build houses for themselves. On this subject the 

 agent says at this time: 



These ludaus retain much of their roving disposition, and except 

 during the cropping season do not camp long in one place, but do 

 not go far from tlicir fields. Few of the Kiowas, (.'omanches, and 

 Apaches have honses, and most of them live in tents. This will 

 probably be the last of their savage customs to be abandoned 

 {Report, 106). 



In 1886 it is officially stated that only nine Kiowa 

 families were living in houses, all the rest being in tipis [Report, 107). 

 The Anko calendar records the stealing of another man's wife by 

 Toiiak'a, " ISTotched-tail," i. e. "Water-turtle," a noted medicineman, 

 for which the woman was whipped and a number of Tonak iVs horses 

 were killed by the injured husband. The turtle 

 below the winter mark indicates the event. 

 SUMMER 1S8.5 

 Piho Kcidd Scin, "Little Peninsula sun dance," 

 so called because it was held in a peninsula 

 formed by a bend of the Washita about twenty 

 miles above the agency; the same place where 

 another dance, the Piho K'ado, had been held in 

 1839. The figure on the Set-t'an calendar shows 

 the medicine lodge within the bend (see summer 

 1839). The figure on the Anko calendar is 

 intended to represent the medicine pole with the buffalo head fastened 

 below the forks. 



On this occasion Dohasiin had to go to the Staked plain to find a 

 buffalo for the purpose. This dance was the first held by Taimete, the 

 successor of Set-dayii-ite. On this point the agent has to say: 



I mentioned iu mj- last report the fact that the annual medicine dance of the 

 Kiowa would not be held that year, and I expressed the hope that they had abandoned 



Fio. 178— Summer 1885— Little 

 Peninsula suu dance; Graas 

 payment. 



