HADROSAURUS. 71 
Attention was first called to the discovery of remains of the Hadrosaurus, in the 
autumn of 1858, by W. Parker Foulke, of Philadelphia, Member of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences, a gentleman who has always displayed a great interest in the 
advancement of the objects of the latter institution. While passing the season at 
Haddonfield, Camden County, New Jersey, Mr. Foulke learned from one of his 
neighbors, John E. Hopkins, that in digging marl upon his farm, twenty years 
back, there had been found a number of large bones. These were said to have 
consisted mainly of vertebree, and had been gradually distributed among visitors, 
who were curious in such objects, so that none remained in the possession of Mr. 
Hopkins. 
In the hope of finding additional portions of the skeleton, with the permission 
of the latter gentleman, Mr. Foulke employed men to search in the place of the 
old excavation. This was situated in a narrow ravine, through which a brook 
flowed eastwardly into the south branch of Cooper’s Creek. At the depth of nine 
feet from the surface the men were successful in finding numerous bones. ‘These 
were imbedded in a stratum of tenacious, bluish-black, micaceous clay, in associa- 
tion with a multitude of shells,’ an echinoderm,’ several small teeth and vertebrie 
of fishes,® a coprolite, and some fossilized coniferous wood. 
The bones are ebony-black, firm in texture, heavy, and strongly impregnated 
with ferruginous salts, especially sulphuret of iron, which often also adheres to 
parts in nodules and fills up interstices, foramina, and the spongy structure. They 
are generally well preserved, except that many are fractured, but none are water 
rolled, and a few specimens only appear somewhat crushed. 
These osseous remains, upon which the genus Hadrosaurus has been founded, 
indicate a Reptile of equally huge proportions, and of the same habits of life, as 
the great [guanodon of the Wealden and Cretaceous deposits of Europe; and of 
all living forms, though widely different, was most nearly related with the Jguana, 
Cyclura, and Amblyrhynchus. 
The bones, besides a number of small uncharacteristic fragments, consist of 
twenty-eight vertebre, mostly with their processes lost; a humerus, radius, and an 
ulna complete; an ilium and a supposed pubic bone, imperfect; a femur and tibia 
* According to Dr. Isaac Lea (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1861, 150) the shells consisted of Arca 
Enfaulensis, A. Saffordi, Astarte crenulirata, A. octolirata, Anomia tellinoides? A. argentaria, 
Cardium multiradiatum, C. Enfaulense, Cardita subquadrata, Corbula subcompressa, C. crassi- 
plicata, C. Foulkei, Crassatella lintea, Ctenoides crenulicostata, Dosinia depressa, D. Haddon field- 
ensis, Dentalium Enfaulensis, Exogyra costata, Gervilia ensiformis, Inoceramus involutus, Leda 
protexta, L. longifrons, Linaria metastriata, Legumen apressus, L. ellipticus, Modiola Julie, 
Nucula percrassa, Ostrea denticulifera, O. larva, O. plumosa, O. tecticosta, Pecten simplicius, 
Pinna laqueata, Siliquaria biplicata, Tellina ( Tellinimera) eborea, Trigonia Enfaulensis, Lunatia 
paludiformis, Turbonilla laqueata, Turritella vertebroides, T. Hardemanensis, Ammonites pla- 
centa, Scaphites iris. The condition of these fossils is such as prove that they were deposited in a 
sediment completely at rest. The most tender and delicate forms remain without abrasion, and 
usually, in the case of the bivalve mollusks, the two valves are attached. The great tenacity of the 
clay, and extreme tenderness of the specimens render it almost impossible to get out perfect ones. 
Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1848, 221. 
2 Cidares armigera. 8 Odontaspis and Enchodus. 
