108 EMYS. 
portions, and both are devoid of internal costal processes for articulating with the 
vertebra, as in some of the land Turtles. The second plate (e) is marked by grooves 
of the second vertebral and the first and second costal scutes. Its anterior angle 
articulated with the first vertebral plate, its posterior angle with the third, and the 
intervening border with the second. ‘The narrowest portion of the fragment, 
within the space covered by the second vertebral scute, measures twenty-two lines, 
and the plate widens outwardly, to the broken margin where it is twenty-four lines. 
The thickness of the plate at the vertebral margin is four lines and a half anteriorly 
and five and a half posteriorly, and it thins outwardly to the broken margin where 
it measures three lines and a half. Fig. 2 represents an inner view of the frag- 
ment exhibiting the merest rudiment of a costal process at f. 
The fragment of the third costal plate (y) comprises two inches and a half of its 
vertebral portion, which articulated with the third and fourth vertebral plates. It 
is marked by grooves of the second and third vertebral scutes, opposite which it 
measures twenty-three lines wide, and is reduced towards the broken outer margin 
to twenty-one lines. The thickness of the plate at the vertebral border is six lines, 
from which it thins off to the broken border to three lines and a half. 
The first left marginal plate, Fig. 3, is marked by a crucial groove of the first 
and second marginal scutes, the first vertebral scute and the first costal scute. The 
marginal scutes did not extend to the middle of the length of the plate, the outer 
edge of which is acute and everted, and almost twice the breadth of the costal 
border. From the latter the plate increases in thickness to its middle, where it 
measures nearly seven lines, and then thins outwardly to the acute free margin. 
The upper surfaces of all the plates present a closely, though somewhat obscurely 
pitted appearance, recalling to mind the rain-drop marking on muddy or sandy 
strata. ‘This appearance, so different from the reticular furrowing on the lines of 
the Turtle previously described, precludes the idea of its belonging to the same. 
The slight variation in breadth and moderate curvature of the costal plates as they 
extend outwardly, indicate a depressed or low form of carapace as in the Terrapins. 
The absence of costal processes for articulating with the vertebra, in the specimens 
of second and third costal plates, presents a relationship of structure with some 
of the land Turtles. Together the fossil fragments present characters sufficient to 
indicate a peculiar species. 
Emmys pravus. 
Emys pravus, Leipy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 303. 
Among the Turtle remains, obtained by Prof. Cook from the Green-sand of Tinton 
Falls, Monmouth County, New Jersey, are the greater portions of a hyosternal and 
hyposternal plates, and a small fragment of the conjoined xiphisternals. These are 
represented in Fig. 1, Plate XIX, and indicate a species differmg from any of the 
preceding, and supposed to belong to the genus Emys. 
The under surface of the sternum was generally flat, and appears to have been 
smooth, or without characteristic markings, though the eroded condition of the 
specimens renders this point uncertain, The marks of scutes, if they existed, are. 
