424 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN GENERA OF SPARIDA. 
Subfamily I.—HOPLOPAGRINE. 
(Sparide with the anterior nostrils tubular, at the end of the snout.) 
Anterior nostril remote from the other, close to the premaxillary, in the end of a 
barbel or tube; vomer with a few molar teeth; teeth of jaws coarse and blunt, the 
lateral teeth molar; dorsal spines continuous with the soft rays, which are scaly at 
base; intestinal canal short; skull and general anatomy essentially as in Lutjanus. 
One genus, in the eastern Pacific. 
a. Vomer, with about three coarse molar teeth; dorsal spines 10; scales large; 
gill-rakers few; tongue and palatines toothless; lower pharyngeals narrow, 
WALD SIMD lGcontcal teebheaaeoaacaeje cece cee sie eee me eeldess HOPLOPAGRUS, 1. 
Subfamily 1.—LUTJANINE. 
(Sparide with pointed teeth only, some of them canine-like, and with 
villiform teeth on the vomer.) 
Nostrils normal; teeth in jaws all pointed, some of these teeth larger than others, 
forming more or less distinct canines; vomer and’ palatines with villiform teeth; 
lower pharyngeals narrow, with slender teeth; no ‘distinct tubercles from the 
cranium for the articulation with the upper pharyngeals; enlarged apophyses for 
articulation with the palatines and preorbitals; anterior vertebrae without para- 
pophyses.” (Gill.) Scales large; dorsal fin single or divided; intestinal canal short, 
with few ceca. 
Species numerous in all tropical seas, the vast majority of them referable to the 
typical genus, Lutjanus. Several of them occur at considerable depths, and one 
(Verilus sordidus) is a true deep-water fish. The fishes of the group present some 
analogies to the Serranide. 
a. Interorbital area not flat nor separated from the occipital region, the median 
and lateral crests procurrent on it, and the frontal narrowed forward ; 
dorsal fin continuous, the spines not separated by a notch from the 
soft rays. 
b. Prefrontals, with the articular facets arising from diverging V-shaped ridges; 
basi-sphenoid, with an anterior lobiform extension; soft dorsal and 
anal scaly; dorsal spines 10 or 11 (in American species); tongue with 
teeth (at least in adult specimens). 
c. Fronto-occipital crest ceasing anteriorly far from front of frontal; prefrontal 
with posterior areas impressed, longand cribriform ; no pterygoid teeth ; 
caudal fin lunate; gill-rakers rather few, shortish .-...-.. LUTJANUS, 2. 
ce. Fronto-oecipital crest continued on ethmoidal projection; prefrontals with 
posterior areas short and excavated above and in front; pterygoid 
teeth present (in the adult) in anarrow band; caudal fin very deeply 
forked; gill-rakers numerous, rather long ........------- OCYURUS, 3. 
bb. Prefrontals with the articular facets developed from simple tubercles and 
not V-shaped; basi-sphenoid not lobigerous; canines small; soft rays 
of dorsal 10 or 11. - 
d. Prefrontals with the posterior are ascribriform; pterygoid with a broad 
patch of teeth (in adult); hyoid bones and tongue with teeth; canines 
very small or obsolete; dorsal spines 12 (or 13); soft dorsal and anal 
somewhat scaled; top of head scaled to before middle of eye; gill- 
TAKSTSMNIMETOUS «ches eoes Gee weeS eae ae eee RHOMBOPLITES, 4. 
