496 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
Subfamily IV.—HaMULIN. 
(Sparid@ with the teeth all pointed, none on vomer or palatines; without 
strong canines, the premaxillaries not greatly protractile, the 
maxillaries serranine, and the air bladder simple. ) 
Body generally oblong, compressed, covered with large or small scales; jaws witn 
bands of teeth, the outer series of which are often enlarged, but not so as to form 
specialized canines; no teeth on vomer, palatines, or tongue; preopercle usually ser- 
rate, the serrz rarely obsolete; dorsal fin continuous. Intestinal canal short, with 
few pyloric ceca. 
Shore fishes of the warm seas, the majority of the numerous species American. 
The fishes of this group present numerous resemblances to the Scianide, in which 
family they were placed by Cuvier 
a. Chin with a central groove behind the symphysis of the lower jaw. 
b. Mouth more or less wide, the lips scarlet in life posteriorly; soft parts of 
vertical fins densely scaly to their margins..........Ha:MULON, 12. 
bb. Mouth more or less narrow; soft fins naked or with scales on their basal 
parts. 
ec. Anal fin short, its rays 111,7 to 111,10; dorsal fin more or less emarginate, its 
spines rather robust. 
d. Body ovate, the back elevated; depth greater than length of the head; 
outer tecth of upper jaw enlarged; lips thick; second anal spine 
strong; soft rays of dorsal and anal scaly at base.. ANISOTREMUS, B83. 
dd. Body oblong, the depth usually less than length of head; lips not very 
thick. 
e. Preopercle very sharply serrate, the serre at angle much enlarged, 
those below angle turned forward; outer teeth in both jaws con- 
siderably enlarged; soft rays of dorsal and anal more or less scaly; 
second anal spineenlarced -------.:5...------>-2-9-. CONODON 14s 
ce. Preopercle finely serrate, the serr at the angle scarcely enlarged, those 
below not antrorse; teeth subequal, or the outer in upper jaw some- 
what enlarged; gill-rakers very short and weak....POMADASIS, 15. 
ce. Anal fin long and Jow, its rays 111,10 to 111,13; dorsal fin low, scarcely 
emarginate; anal spines small; preopercle finely serrate or entire; 
outer teeth of jaws scarcely enlarged; gill-rakers moderate, rather 
slenderti... suit sece Biss 5 ee ee eee ORTHOPRISTIS, 16. 
aa, Chin with pores but with no central groove at the symphysis; soft rays of 
vertical fins naked or partly scaled; preopercle finely serrate. 
J. Anterior profile parabolic or nearly straight; teeth small, the outer 
usually more or less enlarged; gill-rakers slender and comparatively 
long. (Appearance of Orthopristis.) 
gy. Anal fin long, with 10 to 13 soft rays; dorsal fin deeply notched; 
soft dorsal and anal naked, with no distinct sheath at base. 
IsaciA, 17. 
gg. Anal fin short, with seven soft rays; dorsal fin low and scarcely 
emarginate; soft dorsal and anal more or less densely scaly. 
[PARAPRISTIPOMA, 18. ] 
Jf. Anterior profile concave above the eye; snout gibbous; outer teeth in 
both jaws enlarged and blunt (appearance of Anisotremus); gill- 
rakers small and slender. ....-. races cone oe GENYATREMUS, 19. 
