SPAROID FISHES OF AMERICA AND EUROPE. AT 
Subfamily V.—DENTICIN®. 
(Sparid@ with canines in one or both jaws and with no incisors nor 
molars nor teeth on the vomer.) 
Body oblong; jaws with conical teeth only, some of them, at least in upper jaw, 
enlarged and canine-like; no teeth on vomer, palatines, or tongue; upper jaw moder- 
ately protractile; dorsal continuous, its soft rays naked; intestine short, with few 
pyloric ceca; preopercle entire; preorbital broad. Genera 6 or 7; species numerous, 
chiefly of the seas of the Old World, the group apparently forming a transition 
from the Lutjanine to the Sparine. 
a. Dorsal spines 11 or 12 (rarely 10), scales rather small, those on cheek in more 
than 3 rows; those in lateral line about 60; mouth large, the lower 
Jaw PLojeCving s-See W-j-shl setae Be se ge's lod te 222 - | DENTEX, 205] 
aa. Dorsal spines 10; scales rather large, those on cheek usually in 3 rows; those 
in the lateral line about 50; mouth moderate, the jaw subequal, 
dorsal or caudal fins often filamentous............NEMIPTERUS, 21. 
Subfamily VI. —SPARINAE. 
(Sparide with the anterior teeth conical or incisor-like, the lateral teeth molar.) 
Body oblong or elevated, with rather large scales; mouth small, the premaxillary 
little protractile; front of jaws with conical or incisor-like teeth, side of jaws with 
two or more series of rounded molars; no teeth on vomer, palatines, or tongue; 
maxillary short, peculiar in form and in articulation; dorsal fin continuous; poste- 
rior nostril largest, and more or less oblong or slit-like. Intestinal canal short, with 
few pyloric ceca. 
Shore fishes of the tropical seas, especially abundant in the West Indies and in the 
Mediterranean. 
a, Second interhemal bone enlarged, hollowed anteriorly, or pen-shaped, receiving 
the posterior end of the air bladder in its anterior groove; posterior 
nostril slit-like; cheeks sealy. 
b. Frontteeth narrow, compressed, forming lanceolate incisors; the first s)ine- 
bearing interneural with an antrorse spine; temporal crest obsolete; 
lateral crest nowhere coalescing with the supraoccipital crest; 
interorbital area flattish, with two low ridges; a small foramén in 
each of these above front of pupil; interorbital area much con- 
tracted anteriorly; a strongly projecting prefrontal process which 
makes an acute angle with the supraorbital....... STENOTOMUS, 22. 
bb. Front teeth conical or canine-like; first spine-bearing interneural without 
antrorse spine; temporal crest very thin and high, joining the 
lateral crest which forms part of the margin of orbit above middle 
of eye, both crests coalescing with the supraoccipital in the cavern- 
ous anterior part of the interorbital area; interorbital area some- 
what contracted anteriorly; prefrontal process very strong, making 
an obtuse angle with the supraorbital; this process forming a con- 
spicuous knob above the long posterior nostril. .......CALAMUS, 23. 
aa. Second interhemal spine normal, not ‘‘ pen-shaped;” cheeks scaly. 
c. Front teeth conic, not compressed; no incisors; occipital crest coalescent 
with the temporal crests; no antrorse spine on first interneural; 
dorsal spines usually 11 to 13. 
d, Anterior teeth in both jaws strong, decidedly canine-like; body more or 
less Geep and COMPFOSSEd S222 fo oc ease eens wae eee SpaRus, 24. 
dd. Anterior teeth in both jaws cardiform and not canine-like; body oblong 
GE ClOM Me aaa ttn ores ec teccwicecese voee LEAGELLUB, 25.1 
