SPAROID FISHES OF AMERICA AND EUROPE. 429 
Subfamily IX.—ScaTHARIN2. 
(Herbivorous Sparide with fixed incisor teeth in the front of the jaws 
only; no molars, no teeth on the vomer or palatines; the 
pyloric coeea few in number and the vertical fins not scaly.) 
Body oblong or elevated, with scales of moderate or rather small size. Mouth 
moderate, with immovable incisor teeth in the front of the jaws, no molar teeth, 
and with no teeth on vomer, palatines, or tongue; lower rays of pectoral branched; 
vertical fins naked; intestinal canal elongate, with few pyloric coca. Air bladder 
usually with two posterior horns. 
Herbivorous shore fishes, the numerous species nearly all confined to the waters of 
the eastern Atlantic. 
a. Pyloric ceca few (about 4); teeth fixed; cheeks and opercles scaly; vertical 
fins naked. 
b. Incisor teeth broad, in a single series, with no cardiform teeth behind them. 
c. Incisor teeth broad, notched at tip. 
d. Incisor teeth with no other teeth behind them. 
e. Body elongate, subcylindrical; dorsal spines 14 or 15, eyes large. 
[Box, 35.] 
ee. Body oblong, compressed; dorsal spines 11; eyes small..-[Boops, 36.] 
dd. Incisor teeth with a band of small granular teeth behind them; a series 
of pointed teeth on sides of jaws; body oblong, ovate, compressed ; 
Ovs allen ay SX NA yen aay. Sey atets reiats sore Seaton Meese ee [OBLADA, 37. ] 
ec. Incisor teeth lanceolate, with no other teeth behind them; body oblong, 
compressed; dorsal rays X0,11'.--.-....-..5.-.-%<- [SCATHARUS, 38.] 
bb. Incisors narrow, lanceolate, with a band of cardiform teeth behind them; 
body oblong, ovate, compressed; dorsal spines 10 or 11. 
[SPONDYLIOSOMA, 39.] 
Subfamily X.—GIRELLINAD. 
(Herbivorous Sparidew with a band of movable incisor teeth in front of 
each jaw; no molars; few teeth if any on palatines; the 
opercles scaleless; the pyloric coca very numerous and the 
dorsal not closely scaled. ) 
Body oblong, with scales of moderate or small size; mouth moderate, with mov- 
able incisor teeth in a band in the front of each jaw; no teeth on vomer or tongue, 
sometimes a few teeth on palatines; all rays of pectoral branched; dorsal and anal 
scaly at base. Intestinal canal elongate, with many pyloric ewea, 
Herbivorous shore fishes, found only in the Pacific Ocean. 
a. Incisors all tricuspid. 
b. Dorsal spines 14 or 15; each jaw with a series of flat, movable, tricuspid 
incisors, behind which is a broad band of similar smaller ones; 
dorsal continuous, its spines low.............-....---- GIRELLA, 40. 
bb. Dorsal spines 12 or 13; ‘in both jaws series of flat tricuspid teeth, behind 
which is a band of similar teeth, less developed and replacing the 
former ;” soft dorsal and anal elevated... .. eee = DODEXODON, ol 
