SPAROID FISHES OF AMERICA AND EUROPE. 441 
some. It has always a ragged appearance in the market, its scales 
being less firmly attached than those of other species. 
This species is very closely related to L. griseus, but so far as we 
have seen the two may always be distinguished by the difference in 
form of the vomerine patch of teeth and by the development of the 
canines of the lower jaw. These are larger in L. cyanopterus than in 
any other American species. This species is almost identical with L. 
novemfasciatus of the Pacific coast, the somewhat larger mouth being 
the most marked point of difference. The dusky area or spot at base 
of pectoral is more distinct in the Atlantic form. The dentatus of 
Duniéril and the cyanopterus of Cuvier and Valenciennes are identical 
with DL. cubera Poey. This is shown by the examination of the origi- 
nal types. M. pargus C. & V. is probably the same, as is possibly 
Genyoroge canina Steindachner. 
6. LUTJANUS GRISEUS. 
(Gray Snapper; Mangrove Snapper; Caballerote; Lawyer.) 
Turdus pinnis branchialibus carens (Mangrove snapper), Catesby, Hist. Carolina, 
1743, tab. 9. 
Caballerote Parra, Descr. Dif. Piezas, Hist. Nat., 1787, taf. 25, f. 1. 
Labrus griseus Linnzus, Syst. Nat., x, 1758, 283 (after Catesby); Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., 
XI, 1766, 474; Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1788, 1283 (copied); Bloch & Schneider, 
Systema Ichthyol., 1801, 268 (copied). 
Lutjanus griseus, Jordan, Proc. U. 8. N. M. 1884 (identification of Catesby’s figure) ; 
Jordan & Swain, l.c., 439. 
Sparus tetracanthus Bloch, Ichthyol., pl. 279, 1790 (on a drawing by Plumier). 
Cichla tetracantha, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 338 (copied). 
Anthias caballerote Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 310 (after Parra). 
Mesoprion caballerote Poey, Repertorio, 11, 1868, 157; Poey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 1863, 187 (Cuba). 
Lutjanus caballerote, Poey, Synopsis, 293, 1868; Poey, Enumeratio, 1875, 26; Poey, 
Bull. U. S. F. C. 1882, 118 (Key West); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N.A., 
1883, 921; Jordan, Bull. U.S. F. C. 1884 (Key West); Jordan, Proe. U.S. 
N. M. 1884, 126 (Key West). 
Bodianus vivanet Lacépede, rv, pl. 4, f.3, 1803 (Martinique; on a drawing by Plumier). 
Mesoprion griseus, Cuvy. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1, 1828, 469 (San Domingo); 
Guichenot, Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, 26 (Cuba); Giinther, 1, 194, 1859, 
(Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Cabello, Briti h Guiana). 
Lutjanus griseus, Cope, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 1871, 470 (St. Kitt’s). 
Lobotes emarginatus Baird & Girard, 9th Smithsonian Rept. 1855, 332 (Beesley 
Point, New Jersey). 
Neomenis emarginatus, Gill, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 94 (Beesley Point). 
Lutjanus caxis, Gill, Rept. U. S. F. C. 1872-73, 806; Goode, Bull. U. S. N. M. 1879, 
137 (West Florida); Jordan, op. cit., 1880, 19 (Indian River, Florida); 
Bean, op. cit., 1880, 96 (Bermuda); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A.. 
1883, 578 (not Sparus caxis Bloch & Schneider). 
Lutjanus stearnsi Goode & Bean, Proc. U.S. N.M. 1878, 179 (Pensacola); Jordan & 
Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 1883, 549 (copied); Bean & Dresel, Proc. U.S. 
N. M. 1884, 163 (Jamaica). 
Habitat: New Jersey to Florida and Brazil. 
Etymology: Griseus, gray. 
