464 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
Anisotremus, and Pomadasis. In a few species these markings persist 
during life. The species are all essentially alike in respect to the pores 
at the chin, the height and form of the soft dorsal, the form of the 
nostrils, the squamation of the fins, the direction of the lateral line, ete. — 
These common characters are, therefore, not mentioned in the following 
descriptions. The peritoneum is black in all species examined. 
In the descriptions below the scales above the lateral line are counted 
vertically from the first dorsal spine to the lateral line; those below the 
lateral line from the first anal spine obliquely upward and forward to 
the lateral line. The scales in a longitudinal series are, as here given, 
the number of vertical rows above the lateral line from head to base of 
caudal. This number is practically the same in all species of the genus, 
the variations above or below 50 being very slight. The number of 
oblique series of scales or of pores in the lateral line is in all cases 
about 10 fewer, or about 40. 
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF HAMULON. 
a. Scales above lateral line arranged in very oblique series, not parallel with the 
lateral line. 
b. Jaws subequal, or the lower included; mouth little oblique; gill-rakers compar- 
atively few and short. 
c. Dorsal spines 12 (sometimes 11 in H. scudderi); scales large; gill-rakers few 
and small (10 to 14 on lower part of an- 
terior arch); frontal foramena single or 
divided slit at the base of the high supra- 
occipital crest in front. . 
d. Mouth moderate or large, its cleft more than 4 length of head; back more or 
less elevated; second anal spine strong, 
notably longer than third. (Hemulon.) 
e. Seales below lateral line anteriorly not especially enlarged. 
f. Scales above lateral line anteriorly not much enlarged. 
g. Maxillary 24 to 2? in head, not reaching center of eye (in adult). 
h. Back and sides without yellow or blue stripes; each scale above 
with a median blackish spot, these form- 
ing undulating lines (spots rarely obsolete 
in adult, obscure or wanting in young); 
maxillary 24 to 22 in head. 
i. Seales in a vertical row from first dorsal spine to lateral line 7 or 
8 (9 in oblique series). 
j. Mouth rather small, maxillary scarcely reaching to front of eye; 
back elevated; preorbital very deep, its 
least breadth greater than length of eye 
inadult, 44 to 43 in head in young; second 
anal spine not reaching to tip of last ray ; 
snout long and pointed, 24+ to 2? in head. 
k, Sides with about six dark vertical bars; sides of head with 
blackish spots like those of body; dorsal 
spines not graduated; 2d anal spine when 
depressed not reaching tip of last spine. 
Head, 3; depth, 22. Scales, 7-51-14. D. 
MAD i wAernr One SEXFASCIATUM, 33, 
