SPAROID FISHES OF AMERICA AND EUROPE. 5O7 
aa. First and second dorsal spines very short, their length about 3 in eye; third, 
fourth, and fifth more or less filamentous, the third longer than head. Tem- 
poral crest rudimentary, persisting in « swelling on the basal portion of the 
supraoccipital; antrorse spine attached directly to the interneural; no down- 
ward projecting part evident. Body subovate, the back anteriorly much cle- 
vated, the depth about half the length to base of caudal; anterior profile steep 
and straightish, convex on nape and above eye; supraoccipital crest making a 
sharp angle over eye with a porous gibbous portion of the frontal bones; snout 
short, about 2 in head; eye large, a little less than width of preorbital, about 
34 in head; anterior teeth of jaws small, in a close-set band, the outer series a 
little enlarged, compressed and lanceolate, much as in S. chrysops; molars in 
two rows; dorsal spines very broad and flat; scales on the anterior part of body 
much enlarged; anterior row of scales on cheek much enlarged, extending to 
level of pupil, about 12 scales in the first series; scaly sheath at base of soft 
dorsal and anal very conspicuous; pectoral a little longer than head, 2? in 
bedy; caudal fin little forked, the middle ray about 1f in longest ray. Color 
light olive; silvery below; the young with faint, very narrow darker bars. 
Head, 3{; depth, 2; D. xu, 12; A.11, 12. Scales 5-50-15.......Caprinus, 96. 
94. STENOTOMUS ACULEATUS. (Southern Porgy.) 
Chrysophrys aculeata Cuyv. & Val , v1, 137, 1830 (Charleston). 
Habitat: South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. 
Etymology: Aculeatus, spined. 
This species closely resembles the northern scup, which it more or less 
replaces southward. Our specimens are from Charleston. 
_ 95. STENOTOMUS CHRYSOPS. (Scup; Porgy; Scuppaug.) 
Sparus chrysops Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. x11, 1766, 471 (Charleston). 
Sparus argyrops Linnieus, Syst. Nat., ed. x11, 1766, 471 (Charleston; young). 
Sparus zanthurus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat., Poiss., 1v, 120, 1803 (after argyrops). 
Labrus versicolor Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc., 1, 464, 1815. 
Sarqus ambassis Giinther, 1, 449, 1859. 
Habitat: Atlantic coast of the United States from Cape Cod to 
South Carolina. 
Etymology: zpvcds, gold; a”, eye. 
This species is one of the commonest food-fishes of our Atlantic coast. 
According to Dr. Bean, who has examined Linnzus’ original types, both 
chrysops and argyrops were based on examples of this species. 
96. STENOTOMUS CAPRINUS. 
Stenotomus caprinus Bean, Proc. U. 8. N. M. 1882-(Snapper Banks, Pensacola). 
Habitat: Deep waters off the west coast of Florida. 
Etymology: Caprinus, like a goat, the species having been sent in 
under the name of “ goat-head porgy,” which was a misunderstanding 
of the name of “jolt-head porgy,” which is Calamus bajonado., 
This species is as yet known only from numerous examples taken 
from the stomachs of snappers (Lutjanus) and groupers (Hpinephelus) 
on the Florida snapper banks. 
