XXXIV ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT [eih. ann.20 



The Inbor on the field is also consumed, and the field of cot- 

 ton is produced. Then the cotton from the plant is picked, 

 and the field of cotton is consumed l)y the picking- of the cotton 

 bolls; the cotton now becomes the material for another process. 

 Overlooking minor operations, it becomes material for the 

 spinner, who makes a product of yarn; the cotton and the 

 labor employed are consumed by the man who makes a prod- 

 uct of cloth. Then the tailor consumes it as cloth, together 

 with an amount of labor necessary to make it into clothing-, 

 then the clothing is consumed by the wearer, when it reaches 

 its entelechy. Thus land, by a series of human processes 

 through intelligent labor, produces welfare through a series of 

 changes in which labor is consumed. 



In the course of production from one kind to another and 

 from one form to another, the domain of nature and art is ran- 

 sacked for the purpose — air, water, land, plants, and animals 

 are utilized and a multitude of persons are employed. 



In the consideration of production we must contemplate the 

 natural material found in air, in sea, in land, in plants, and in 

 animals. The air is ambient over all the surface of the earth 

 as a hollow sphere of gas. The sea has its gulfs, bays, and 

 straits, with its auxiliaries in springs, lakes, and rivers, while 

 the lower portion of the air is laden with moisture which is 

 partially gathered into clouds and precipitated on the earth in 

 rain when favorable conditions prevail. Thus the water is a 

 sphere of liquid which intervenes between air and land. The 

 sea with its auxiliaries yields its materials and the air yields 

 its nuiterials. Plants are scattered over all the surface of the 

 land not covered with liquid water, and over a part of the sur- 

 face of the land which is covered with liquid water, and over 

 a part of the surface of the water, while animals inhabit the 

 atmosphere and the watery envelope or hydrosphere. What 

 is usually called the land is but the upper surface of a third 

 sphere of solid rock which is denominated by geologists tlie 

 lithosphere; this lithosphere contains another and impoiiant 

 portion of the substances which are produced for tlie welfare 

 of mankind. The lithosphere, the hydrosphere, and the atmos- 

 phere, together with tlie plants and animals of the earth, con- 



