XXXVI ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT [eth. ann. 20 



] ;uii [)ossessed. It does not lie in the prerogative of another 

 to I'eject ray terra when he attempts to understand ray rae;nnng, 

 thouo'h it may be his prerogative to nse another term wlien he 

 desires to (^xpress tlie same meaniny. If the distinetion jiointed 

 out is a vahd one, and useful for scientific puqxises, a dis- 

 tinct! \-e term is necessarv: if the distinction is invalid or 

 inifruitful to science, it may he neg-lected. Do not qnarrel 

 with me about ray terras, but quarrel with rae about my dis- 

 tinctions. If von decide that the distinctions are good, then 

 accept mv terms as they are used, still reserving the right to 

 nse better terms wlien you wish to set forth the same concepts. 



In the transmutation of materials into prodncts. the processes 

 must be invented; but the product which is sought in manu- 

 facture mav be but a small })art of the material used. Metals 

 are exti-ai-ted from the ores, while the residuum is often value- 

 less. Quinine is extracted from the bark of cinchona trees, 

 and the product is very small compared with the trees. Some- 

 times seeondarv products are found still of value to mankind. 

 From asphalt and other hvdr()carl)ons illuminating products 

 are manufactured, and from the substances which do not 

 sul)ser\e this ])ur])ose aniline dyes are extracted. 80 by 

 in>-ention a multitude of substances are derived which serve 

 human purposes. 



Forever bv art, substances are multiplied and their mauu- 

 factur<- is specialized. (1) In modern culture man produces 

 pure air Ijy juirifying it; (2) he produces 2)ure water by 

 purifying it; (3) he produces various substances l)v raining 

 and nietallurgv and other cheniic processes; (4) he produces 

 plants 1)A' })lant culture, and (5) he produces animals by 

 zoocultm-e. Thus, the fundamental industries, which we here 

 call industries of substantiation, are industries for the produc- 

 tion of kinds. 



Construction 



The next class of industries in which raen engage are those 

 which are designed to modify the forms of things for u.se. 

 Here we must call attention to the distinction which we make 

 between Jdnd and form. In popular usage these terms are 

 interchangeable, but in science we must use terras with single 



