XLIV ADMINISTRATIVE EEPOKT [eth. a.n.n. 20 



iiu'iiiis rlic transfer of coniinodities from one person or place 

 to another. The third element is the labor involved in makiner 

 the exehaniic's. The fonrth element involved is the money 

 enii)l(>yed as the medium of exchange and measure of value. 

 The tit'th element employed is advertising, which is the 

 method (if informing- those who desire goods for consump- 

 tion that others have them and offer them in exchang-e for 

 money. The five elements of commerce, therefore, are goods, 

 transportation, merchandizing, monev, and advertising. Every 

 one of these elements of commerce involves actiAnties — the 

 activities of producing goods, the activities of transportation, 

 the acti^•ities of exchange, the activities of finance, and the 

 activities of advertising. They follow in this order from the 

 nature of qualities which are derived from properties. Nature 

 has established the order in which properties nmst lie con- 

 sidered, for Nature herself considers them in this order. Now 

 we have to consider the five elements of commerce severally 

 for the purpose of considering the elements of which they are 

 composed. 



Goods. Goods are classified as esthetic, industrial, social, 

 linguistic, and instructional. 



Esthetic goods are ambrosial, decorative, athletic, gaming, 

 and fine-art goods. These may all be reclassified in five 

 grouj)s. We have already seen " how the fine arts may be 

 classified, giving rise to goods which are musical, graphic, 

 dramatic, romantic, and poetical. In the same maimer indus- 

 trial, social, linguistic, and instructional goods mav be classi- 

 fied and reclassified. I^lvery value which man produces 

 becomes goods, for in its production he expends activitv, 

 which is labor, and he receives in return for his labor the goods 

 which he desires. In modern societv the o-oods are obtained 

 through an intermediate commodity — monev — which is the 

 measure of value and instrument of exchauo-e. 



Transportatio)). As men produce not for themselves, but for 

 others, and receive money in exchange which they expend for 

 themselves, the things which they produce must be transported 



" Esthetology. or the science of activities desired to pve pleasure, in Nineteenth Annual Report 

 of the Bureau of Aiiieriean Ethnology, 1897-9S, p. Iv. 



