POWELL] TECHNOL(_)GY XLV 



to tlie Others. A man niav jinxluce an article wliich liis next- 

 door neighbor uses, and the transportation from one to tlie 

 other is but an inconsiderable item. Bnt the prodnction may 

 be a hundred or a thousand miles away; then the transporta- 

 tion becomes an important element in commerce; hence ships 

 and railroads are constructed, and large bodies of men are 

 employed in their construction and utilization. At first thought 

 these industries along the great highways seem to absorb our 

 whole attention, but on more minute consideration we iind tliat 

 the transportation of commodities for short distances is no 

 inconsiderable item. Thus, the transportation of the bread, 

 milk, and other items of trade through the streets of the city 

 and the highways of the country, from the marts of trade to 

 the individuals who are the entelic consumers, is of much 

 relative importance. The transportation of commodities 

 altogether will be found almost to vie in importance with 

 the production of commodities by substantiation or construc- 

 tion or mechanism. We find that all of these operations are 

 concomitant. 



To the carrier, goods transported become freight, (loods 

 and freight, therefore, are the same thing from different stand- 

 points of consideration. In transportation we have to consider 

 not only the freight but the substances, the constructions, and 

 the powers employed in freighting, as well as the persons who 

 direct the opei-ations. 



We must notice the correlation involved in transportation. 

 In ever}^ transaction which involves transportation there is a 

 producer and a consumer, and each party is both. The man 

 wdio produces wheat is the consumer of the goods for which 

 he exchanges wheat, so tluit there is correlative transportation. 

 But the correlation is to some extent masked through tlie 

 employment of money as a medium of exchange, for as goods 

 are not exchanged directly, the correlation of transportation is 

 in the first step the transporting of money in one direction 

 and the transporting of goods in the other When credits are 

 used as symVjols of money, the correlation is still further 

 masked. Wherever a man may be he has demands which 

 must be supplied. Goods to satisfy these demands nmst be 



