FOWELL] SOCIOLOGY LXV 



others are placed by rolling them up on skids, and so log after 

 log- goes up and the house grows apace. That these opera- 

 tions may be conducted successfully, a man is needed to drive 

 the oxen; then a man is needed at each corner of the structure 

 to fit the logs together where they cross each other near the 

 ends. On each side of the house skids are used upon which 

 the logs are rolled. As a log' goes up a man at each skid 

 stands ready with a cliock to hold it in place as it is moved up 

 by intermittent advances, and the two men at the corners 

 receive the log, manage the adjustment of its position, and 

 with their axes fit the ends of one log- into notches in another 

 in such manner that the house is well tied tog-ether. The log's 

 are usually too heavy to be handled by a few men, hence a 

 number are necessary to ]nit them up, especially after the 

 house grows, when the logs nuist be lifted to a comparatively 

 gi-eat height. Thus the pioneer who is building a house 

 enlists the services of many men to enable him to accomplish 

 that which he can not do alone. When many men assist in 

 the work, every one doing- a like part, their mutual action is 

 sometimes called "solidarity" in political economy. When 

 they assist one another by doing- unlike tasks, as do the men 

 who are managing- the skids, and the men who are fitting the 

 logs at the corners, and the men who are driving the oxen, 

 their method of cooperation is sometimes called "division of 

 labor." Hence cooperation is accomplished as solidarity and 

 as division of labor. 



For the purpose of cooperation men unite in associations, 

 sometimes only for temporary purpose, but often for a more 

 permanent purpose. When such persons unite for an indefi- 

 nite length of time, which may be for years or even for gen- 

 erations, the association is known by a fiction of legal 

 expression as a "perpetual person," and hence it is often said 

 of some corporations that they never die. 



In sociology a corporation consists of a number of persons 

 who associate themselves for a common purpose to secure 

 solidarity and division of lal^or. 



Incorporation has its reciprocal in organization. When we 

 affirm that a body of men constitute a corporation, we imply 



20 ETH— 03 v 



