POWELL] SOCIOLOGY LXVII 



controlling their judgments. The individual members, every 

 one for himself, control their motility, or, which is the same 

 thing, their activity, by controlling the metabolism or affinity 

 of their several members, so that pairs of muscles which are set 

 in operation one against the other are made the one to con- 

 tract and the other to relax. Thus, a physical control of the 

 several persons who constitute a body corporate is ultimately 

 resolved into the control of metabolism, which is the control 

 of affinity. There is a jjhysical control of the conduct of the 

 members through appeal to their purposes, which may be 

 resolved into the control of affinity of particles. With this 

 introduction we are prepared to consider the science of 

 economics. 



Economics is sometimes called the science of wealth and its 

 distribution. More fully defined, it is the science which treats 

 of the nature of ^^I'operty, the accumulation of property as 

 wealth, the use of wealth as capital, the use of wealth as 

 investment, and the use of wealth as endowment, together with 

 the relations of jjroperty, wealth, capital, investment, and 

 endowment to corporations. 



There are thus five elements for consideration in economics. 

 First, property ; second, Avealth ; third, capital ; fourth, invest- 

 ment; iifth, endowment. Every one gives rise to a group of 

 corporations. The elements will be considered first. 



Property. We have seen that labor is human activity exer- 

 cised for the purpose of producing welfare. In producing 

 welfare industry produces property. 



We have already shown that the wants of men are wants 

 for pleasure, welfare, justice, expression, and wisdom. Then, 

 we have shown that the wants of men for pleasure are supplied 

 by esthetic arts;" we have also shown that the wants of men 

 for welfare are supplied by industrial arts;'' we are now 

 attempting to show that the wants of men for justice are sup- 

 plied by institutional arts; we shall hereafter show that the 

 wants of men for expression are supplied b}' linguistic arts; 

 an<l after that we shall show that the wants of men for wisdom 

 are supplied by instructional arts. 



a Esthetology. or the science of activities designed to give pleasure, in Nineteentii Annual Report oi 

 the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1900, p. LV. 

 ''See ttie previous paper, p. xxix. 



