POWELL] SOCIOLOGY LXXIII 



Creative corpcraiions. The third class of" corporations we 

 shall call creatl\'e corporations. Here capital in larger quan- 

 tities is organized, a company to operate the enterprise is 

 organized, and the employees or laborers are organized, every 

 one to accomplish some particular part of the work. It may 

 be that a factory is built for the purpose of manufacturing 

 shoes; in it there are many machines, each operated by a 

 special exjjert, and all the operations are supervised by a 

 foreman, or there may be a foreman and his assistant foreman. 

 Modern industi-ies present many illustrations of these creative 

 corporations. First, there is an organization of capital; sec- 

 ond, there is an organization of machinery; and, third, there 

 is an organization of labor. This complicated organization I 

 call a creative corporation. 



Creative organizations have the effect of instigating the 

 laborers to organize societies which are known as trade unions, 

 of which something more hereafter. When employers organ- 

 ize, employees organize. Tims power offsets power. 



Investing corporations. We have seen how capital becomes 

 investment. Investment is for interest. But there comes at 

 last a stage in which the investors themselves organize as stock 

 companies, not for the purpose of operating industries, but 

 solely for the purpose of investing, while other corporations 

 caiTV on the operations. These I call investing corporations. 

 They might, perhaps, just as well be called stock corporations. 



Societies. We next come to that class of corporations to 

 which endowments pertain; these are usually called societies. 



It is manifest that each group of corporations which we have 

 hitherto defined may be classified by the pentalogic qualities as 

 those designed for pleasure, those designed for welfere, those 

 designed for justice, those designed for expression, and those 

 designed for instruction. Yet, if we were writing a treatise on 

 political economy it would be necessary to deal severally with 

 assisting corporations, partnership corporations, creative corpo- 

 rations, investing corporations, and society corporations, for 

 there are principles of justice which specially pertain to every 

 one of these classes. Thus, assisting corporations often assem- 

 ble on the invitation of the person to be assisted, and whether 



