LXXIV ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT [eth. ann. 20 



tlie invitation be heeded is wholly voluntary vrith tlie individual 

 invited, and yet custom is almost as imperative as statutory 

 law. Then there are special principles of jurisprudence which 

 pertain to j)artnership corporations, which aftect the responsi- 

 l)ility of the parties to others, and tlie mutual ownersliip of the 

 incorporators. In creative corporations the employees are 

 more thoroughly differentiated from the proprietors, and the 

 employees tliemselves are apt to org-anize trade unions, and the 

 employers as corporations negotiate with the trade unions in 

 important particulars. Again, in investing corporations the 

 stockholders constitute a special body themselves, the mem- 

 bers of which may not take a personal part in the creative cor- 

 porations, although the members of the creative corporation 

 may sometimes hold stock in the investing corporation. In 

 these corporations the employees all receive salaries, but some 

 are known as officers and others as laborers. In society cor- 

 porations the i)urj)ose is usually to j)romote some desired end, 

 the interest in which will continue for time indefinitely, as 

 when schools are endowed or churches built. For present 

 purposes we need not take up the classes of corporations seri- 

 atim, but need only indicate their classification b-\- qualities. 



Corporations for pleasure. A number of schoolboys wish to 

 play ball. Two leaders are chosen, and each one selects his 

 hel])ers and assigns to each a particular part in the game. He 

 thus organizes a baseball nine, which is a corjioration for pleas- 

 ure. Nine men, with an additional luuiiber as alternates, are 

 organized luider a manager and play a game, not for the 

 pleasure of themselves but for the ])leasure of others, and 

 receive from the others ]:)avment as a reward. The ^ilavers 

 may also take jdeasure in the game, hut their ultimate pm-- 

 pose is gain or welfare, so that it is welfare to the phiAcrs and 

 pleasure to the lookers-on. Whether the game is considered 

 as a pleasure or welfare, provision umst be made for render- 

 ing justice when disputes arise, and hence there is an umpire. 

 Now, the persons assembled to witness the game take great 

 deliglit in tlu; skill manifested by the players. Their delight 

 is not in tlui activity of play, l)ut in the skill of those engaged 

 in the play. At every moment as the play proceeds the 



