LXXXVI ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT [kth. an.n. 20 



this I'iglit liiis led to tlu^ orj^-anization of representative govern- 

 ment. 



The impossibility of continuing to realize primitive justice 

 and primitive equality b}' primitive methods has l)een more 

 and more clearly demonstrated with the ag-es of advancino" 

 c'ixilization. The savage is willing to be controlled by the 

 voice of the people of the tribe, with every one of whom he is 

 ac(piainted, and to every one of whom he is related by bonds 

 of consanguinity and affinity: but under the new conditions of 

 society, where the individual man maA' lie unacquainted with 

 the man who produces his bread as a farmer, or produces his 

 shoes as a manufacturer, but upon whom he depends for the 

 supply of his wants, he finds it necessary to organize represent- 

 ative government. All men in the nation are neio-hbors of 

 every man, and to maintain justice with these neighbors 

 representative government is devised. 



Here we ai-e interested in the considerati<in of how g-overn- 

 ments shall be made representative. This is accom])lished 

 by some method of constituting a ])art of the members of the 

 body politic the agents of justice, and those who select repre 

 sentatives for this purpose are called their constituents. That 

 department whicli I call constitutive government is the one 

 that deals with the selection of the representatives of govern- 

 ment in all departments. 



Legislative (hpartmci)t. This department of government is 

 organized for the purpose of considering principles and deter- 

 mining methods by which society should be governed. It 

 therefore enacts statutes of law. The modern leg-islature or 

 parliament is the differentiated organ for performing one of the 

 functions which was performed by the primeval council in 

 primitive tribal society, while the other function — that of the 

 court — is performed 1)}' another dejjartment of government. 

 The relation lietween the constituti\-e department and the legis- 

 lative department is prettA- well i-ecog-nized in the United 

 States. We need not set forth the natm-e of the legislative 

 department, as that is a subject ujKin which men in this country 

 are well intormed. 



Operative department . The thii-d deiiartment is pretty well 



