SOCH)LOGY CI 



The possession of |>ro[)erty which is exclusively vised by the 

 iudividual, such as clothing, ornaments, and various utensils 

 and implements, is inherent in the individual. Individual 

 property can not lie inherited, but at death is consigned to the 

 grave. Property which belongs to the clan, such as the 

 house, the boat, the garden, is common property. No article 

 of food belongs to the individual, but is the common prop- 

 erty of the clan, and uuist be divided by the authorities of the 

 clan, often according to some rule by which a special portion 

 is given to the person who provides the food. Thus, when a 

 hunter kills a deer, a particular portion is given to him; other 

 portions may be given to those who assisted in its capture; 

 and all the rest is divided according to the needs of the indi- 

 viduals of the clan. The women gather fruits, seeds, or roots ; 

 that which is consumed at the time is divided by like methods, 

 but that which is preserved for future use sometimes becomes 

 the property of the clan. 



The elder-man of the clan is responsible for the training of 

 children, and it is no small part of his duty daily to exercise 

 them in their games and to instruct them in their duties. Thus 

 he who enforces clan custom is the same person who instructs 

 in clan custom; and when councils of tribe or confederacy 

 ai'e held, he is the representative of the clan in such councils. 

 The chief of the confederacy is usually the chief of one of the 

 tribes, and the chief of the tribe is usually an elder-man in 

 one of the clans. There are clan councils, tribal councils, 

 and confederate councils. 



The council is the tribal court and legislative bodv in one. 

 All Indian life is cooperative; and all coo})erative life is regu- 

 lated by the clan, the tribe, or the confederacy. The clan 

 lunit and the clan fishing expedition are regulated by the 

 council; and when the clan or the tribe would move the site 

 of its \illage, the council must so decree and regulate the. 

 matter. The council of the clan settles disputes between 

 individuals of the clan; the council of the tribe settles disputes 

 between clans; and the council of the coufedei'acy settles 

 disputes between tribes. Sometimes the members of the clan, 

 live separately by households: l)ut often the clan will build a 



