PowEi.i.] SOCIOLOGY CXI 



very elaborate paraplienuilia, wliile in tlie temple worship is 

 performed especially for militant purposes and is elaborate and 

 ceremonious. I know nut win' four or live })laces of worship 

 should not be developed in tribal society; but I have never 

 discovered more than three, though I always discover the five 

 kinds of worship. 



When tlie fathers of the phratries become the elder-men or 

 chiefs of the other units in the liierarchy of govermental units, 

 barbaric societv is tnlh- organized and savage societv is fully 

 overthrown. 



When we come to apply the criteria which we liave set 

 forth to particular tribal bodies, a difficulty arises in segre- 

 gating savage bodies from barbaric bodies, for in many 

 instances in America we find some of the characteristics of 

 savagery and others of barbarism. Gradually a custom has 

 grown up among the students of these societies to relegate a 

 tribe to savagery which has the charactei'istics of savagery 

 predominant, and to relegate a tribe to barbarism which has 

 the characteristics of barbarism predominant; in so doing we 

 make clan organization by kinship in the female line the 

 deciding mark of savag-ery, and gentile organization bv kin- 

 ship in the male line the deciding mark of barbarism. 



MONARCHY 



The cradle of civilization was rocked by the waves of the 

 Mediterranean. Of the origin of one of the monarchies here 

 established we have much history. In the Greek and Latin 

 languages there is found a literature in which is recorded the 

 development of the Hellenic and Latin tribes into a monarchy 

 extending far beyond the shores of the Mediterranean, through 

 Europe on the north and large portions of Asia and Africa on 

 the west and south. Of the nature of the monarchies absorbed 

 b^' Rome and of the nature of the tribes absorbed in northern 

 Europe we have comj)aratively little data, but of the Hellenic 

 and Latin tribes we have nuieli history. By adding to this 

 Jiistory tlie comparatively little-known history of the tribes 

 that were amalgamated in the monarchies on the south, and 

 the still less known historv of the tribes on the north that came 



