CXVl ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT [eth. ann. 20 



regimentation, where the land ot tlie aristocracy is the liome 

 of central oovernment, and the jn-ovinces subordinate units of 

 the nation. In savage society the most important unit of 

 organization is its body of kindred who reckon membership 

 in the female line. In barbarism the most important unit of 

 regimentation is the body of kindred who reckon membership 

 in the male line, and the patriarch becomes the high j)riest. 

 In the monarchy the people are regimented bv lands. The 

 capital of the countiy of the aristocrac}' is the seat of govern- 

 ment, the provinces are minor units of government, and the 

 monarch is the vice-regent of the god. 



In monarchy a method of government and a consequent 

 arrangement of society in hereditary ranks obtain. As the 

 units of government constitute a hierarchy of control in both 

 civil and religious conduct, so also there is a hierarchical 

 aristocrac}'. Position in this aristocracy is determined by 

 hereditary descent. Every person is liorn into a rank in 

 society. 



The kingship is inherent in a family and descends from 

 father to son. In the failure of lineal descent the kingship 

 passes into a collateral line. Thus a dynasty is produced 

 which continues from father to son, or to nephew, or occasion- 

 ally to daughter or niece, until such dynasty is overthrown. 



Other members of the aristocracy are nobles of various 

 ranks; nobility passes from father to son, the eldest living 

 son taking precedence, and the title may pass beyond lineal 

 descendants into collateral lines. The monarch may create 

 new orders of nobility at will; and he may create nobles from 

 the common ranks, and may also promote from rank to rank. 

 It is thus that position among the nobles is in the gift of the 

 crown as a reward for service. A shrewd monarch uses his 

 power not only to reward men for service but also to keep up 

 a body of persons of su[)erior capacity to cooperate with him 

 in sustaining the royal authority and dignity. 



In tliis manner a governing body is constituted in a hier- 

 arcliy of ranks, social, governmental, and religious, with the 

 power which inheres in wealth, the power which irdieres in 

 government, the power which inheres in the command of the 



