(•XV I II ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT [eth. anx, 20 



REPUBLICKISM 



Tribal governments are almost pure democracies, if ^e 

 understand bv that term that leadership and measures of gov- 

 ernment are submitted to tlie voice of all the })eople for decision. 

 The ideal of tribal g-overnment which is forever held in view, 

 thoug-h it may be obscured, is that of a pure democracj^ founded 

 on the will of all the peo])le directly expressed bv them as 

 individuals. 



When national government is established on a t(^rrit( trial 

 basis, democracy is overthrown and kingship witli aristoc- 

 racy takes its place, and inonarchial society is organized. 

 Monarchical society, in turn, gives place to a fourth stage, 

 which we here call republickism. We use the term in no 

 partisan sense and select a new form of the word in order to 

 avoid partisan implications. The term republicanism, as used 

 by statesmen, of whatever party they niay be, usually signi- 

 fies a method of representative government. It is in this sense 

 that we use the term rejiublickisin, and we leave tlie term 

 democracy and also the term republicanism to be used with 

 partisan meanings. 



As the fifteenth century drew to a close, Columbus, the 

 great navigator and discoverer, became the promoter of an 

 enterprise to sail westward from Europe in quest of a better 

 route to the Indies, a land of fabulous wealth. For cen- 

 turies scientific men had believed in the spherical form of the 

 earth, but the great body of the people did not accept the 

 doctrine. After many unsuccessful attempts Columbus at hist 

 sailed westward with a fleet bought at the price of the good 

 Queen's jewels. Instead of discovering a route to the Indies, 

 he discovered a new world. Perchance others liad pre\iouslv 

 discovered land at the north, but they knew it not as a new 

 ^\'orld, nor did they know it as a gateway to the land of fabu- 

 lous wealth, nor were they im})elled to the discoviery h\ the 

 acceptance of a doctrine of science. The merit of Columl)us 

 was his faith in science, and as a reward for his faith historv 

 crowns him as the Great Discoverer. The New World was 

 the troph}' of science. 



