PowKLL] SOCIOLOGY OXXr 



of society which we cmJI repiibhckisin, tribes and nations were 

 kept asunder by walls of laoguag-e. An unknown tongue was 

 a herald of enmity and a mark of folly, and aroused all the 

 hate of superstition. When culture was buried in the classical 

 languages, and wlien the accomplishment of the student was 

 measured by his knowledge of these tongues, a great impetus 

 was given to the acquisition of languages. Since science is 

 promoted by all civilized nations, science itself demands a 

 knowledg'e of many modern tongues. By all of these agencies 

 it is discovered that a foreign tongue is not an unmeaning 

 jargon, and language itself is no longer a bai-rier between 

 civilized people. The wheels of commerce speed civilized men 

 from land to land and thev find themselves integrated bv com- 

 mon interests. 



There is a third agency by which the transmutation of 

 society is accomplished. The literature of all lands is read in 

 every land. The current history of all lands is recounted in 

 every land. The agencies of intellectual culture are not 

 restricted by national boiuidaries. Higher than all, and more 

 potent than all, is the universal brotherhood of science by 

 which the discovery made by one man is revealed to every 

 other man and by which the generalization made by one man 

 enriches the thought of all 



A fourth agency for the transmutation of society is found in 

 tlie fine arts. The musical artist sings for the world. ^Fhe 

 linnier paints for all lands. The actor impersonates for tlie 

 universal stage. The novelist portrays for every fireside. The 

 poet chants a lay to every dreani}^ heart. Thus the esthetic 

 arts make a universal appeal to the finer feelings of mankind 

 and forever teach the lesson of fraternity, and with the l)alm 

 of joy heal the wounds of conflict. 



Fifth, all of these indirect agencies for the transmutation of 

 society cooperate with the development of governmental i)rin- 

 ci})les due to the increasing intelligence of civilized men. With 

 knowledge comes a love of justice that recognizes that rights 

 mav best be secured by the performance of duties. Forever 

 and forever is this lesson taught l)y advancing culture. In the 

 strife to establish justice through the agency of government 



