CXXIV ADMINISTRATIVE KEPOET [eth. ann-.20 



])riniary representation should not extend lievond the l^ound- 

 aries of the primary units of government. These are town- 

 shi])s, (ir wards, and tlie gciverning officers of these imits 

 sliould be elected by the citizens of the several luiits. In the 

 secondary units, or counties, electors should be chosen by 

 every township or ward composing the county, and they 

 sliould select count}- rulers or city rulers where counties and 

 cities are coterminous. In the third unit, which is represented 

 by the state in this countr}', the count}' electors shoulil choose 

 the state ruler. In the fourth or grand unit, wliicli is the 

 nation, the county electors should choose national electors, 

 and the national electors should choose the officers of the cen- 

 eral government. This, it is believed, would perfect repre- 

 sentative gf»vernment. 



The rights and duties, or the theater of operations of the 

 several units of government, should be defined; that is, town- 

 ship rights, count}- rights, state rights, and national rights 

 should be jealously guarded and strictly observed. 



History has already demonstrated that the government 

 can not safely be intrusted to an ecclesiastical body. History 

 has already demonstrated that the government can not be 

 intrusted to an hereditary body. History has already demon- 

 strated that the government can not be intrusted to a purely 

 democratic body. The advanced nations of the earth are now 

 making the' experiment of intrusting government to a rej^re- 

 sentative body, and it would be wisdom to consider how a 

 representative body may be best chosen. 



The history of mankind has been the constant theme of the 

 ages, because it has been the subject in which men are most 

 deejdy interested. P]specialh- has the rise and fall of nations, 

 the rise and fall of dynasties, and the ])art which individuals 

 have played in such affairs been the theme most attractive. 

 Notwithstanding this fact, the outlines of history as they have 

 heretofore been presented have consisted largely of a more or 

 less bare statement of events in chronological order. Univer- 

 sal history has therefore been treated as annals. Special 

 writers have attempted to treat of the different parts of history 

 as the succession of causations, lint universal history has rather 



