CXXX ADMINISTRATIAE REPORT [eth. axn. JO 



ers with wands made of the feathers of birds. Birds are also 

 associated in their minds with the planting time and with the 

 harvest time, and they make images of birds, carving them of 

 wood and painting them with brilliant colors, or they make 

 their bodies of fragments of cloth and decorate them with 

 feathers. The birds are then placed npon perches and the 

 perches are placed upon the altar. Many are the devices to 

 re])resent animal food. 



The similitudes and associations which are suffo-ested to the 

 savage mind are utilized in this manner in many a quaint way. 

 The "correspondences" which the svlvan mind discovers and 

 invents to utilize in prayer speech would delight the heart of 

 the mystic. 



Having ])rovided an altar with its holy oljjects, the devout 

 shaman })Ours forth his praises to the ghostly divinities and 

 invokes tlieir aid in controlling thfi sunshine and the storm, 

 chanting in established forms of speech and prescribed reit- 

 erations. As the prayer proceeds, at definite moments the 

 a})pr(ipriate symbols are displayed and symbolic actions are 

 peiformed, all designed to illustrate the prayer. 



Such iii-e the prayers of the sylvan man, designed to secure 

 superlative happiness. The ceremonies are performed period- 

 icall)- at appropriate seasons, and that they may not be neg- 

 lected calendric systems are devised. These are painted on 

 tablets of wood, on the tanned skins of animals, or on the walls 

 of the house of worship, the calendars designating in some 

 symbolic manner the time of the year when certain ceremonies 

 are to be performed, the appropriate ceremonies for the time, 

 the deities to whom the ceremonies are performed, and the 

 characteristics of the ceremonies themselves. 



As primitive music has a religious motive, so primordial 

 carving and painting have a religious motive. In like manner 

 the tirst dramatic performances are religious, all designed to 

 propitiate ghost deities and to secure their favors. AVlien this 

 stage of esthetic art as religion is fulh- developed, men have 

 ])assed from savagery to barbarism. To i-hvthm melod}' is 

 added in music, to outline drawing relief is added in graphics, 

 and to dancing acting is added in the drama. Then terj).;icho- 



