CXLIV ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT [kth. ann.20 



eyebrows as a wonl of surprise; turning the eye without 

 avei'ting the head as a word of warning; beckoning to 

 approach; beckoning to de]jart; beckoning to keep silence; 

 beckoning not to move: nodding assent; shaking the head in 

 negation. 



Tlie pi-inciple of antitliesis lias been potent as an agency in 

 the develojinient of emotional language, as from its nature it is 

 the expression of judgments about (pialities. Qualities are 

 always antithetic. This is one of the characteristics by which 

 they are distinguished from |)roperties and quantities. Dar- 

 win, in his Emotions m Man and Animals, abundantly dcnn- 

 onstrates this principle. 



In a subsequent article we shall attempt to demonstrate that 

 the emotions are fundamentally and properly classitied as feel- 

 ings, enjoyments, aftections, understandings, and sentiments. 



Oral Language 

 introduction 



One method of expressing emotional language has been 

 developed as oral speech. The characteristics of this method 

 peculiarl}" fit it for development in the first stages of human 

 culture. The organs of speech can be used when the organs 

 of locomotion and manijtulation are otherwise employed. 

 This characteristic serves a double purpose: it is advantageous 

 to the maker of speech, and it is also advantageous to the 

 interpreter. In visual language the interpreter must have his 

 attention preadjusted tiiereto, while in order that it may serve 

 his purpose the maker must also see that attention is paid. 

 The conditions for conveying speecli are superior in these 

 respects to those for conveying visual language. Doubtless 

 this advantage led to the development of speech in advance 

 of the development of gesture language. 



With the development of speech the organs with which it is 

 produced were evolved until an apparatus was constructed 

 capable of making with precision the differentiated sounds of 

 speech and music, and of combining them into syllabic suc- 

 cessions and the syllables into jiolvsxUabic words. Doubtless 



