PowELi.l SOPHIOLOGY CLXXXVII 



110 rocks in motion, but there are rocks of motion; there are no 

 plants in motion, but there are plants of motion; there are no 

 animals in motion, but there are animals of motion; tliere are 

 no thoughts that are the motions of brain pai-ticles, as there 

 are no brain particles, for thouo'hts are motions themselves. 



Oftentimes idealism is a theory that all the material objects 

 of the universe, other tlian human beings, are created or gen- 

 erated b}- mind, and tliat human beings are the real things and 

 all other things are but tlie C(.>ncepts of human beings. Tliere 

 are no stars, but only human concepts of stars; tliere are no 

 waters, but only human concepts of waters ; there are no rocks, 

 but only human concepts of rocks; there are no plants, lint 

 only liunian concepts of plants; there are no lower animals, 

 but only human concepts of hjwer animals. God and human 

 beings are realities which manifest themselves to one anotlier 

 in perception and conception as ideas in the objective world 



Sometimes it teaches that science is a method of expressing 

 ideas; it is but a system of language and has no other signifi- 

 cance than that of a system of language. Tliei'e is no objec- 

 tive concrete world with which science deals; l)ut there are 

 ideas with which science deals, and the whole function of 

 science is to reduce these ideas to their simplest expression. 

 There is no objective standard of truth; there is onlv a sub- 

 jective standard of opinion, and all scientific research is the 

 attempt to formulate these opinions or ideas or concepts or 

 perceptions in universal terms. Science is onlv a device of 

 language; mathematics is onl}- a device of equations; chem- 

 istry is only a device of atoms; astronomy is only a device of 

 worlds; geology is only a device of formations; l)()tan\' is 

 only a device of cells ; biology is only a device of organs. All 

 of these devices are useful for linguistic purposes; they do not 

 express objective reality, but only subjective ideas. The 

 world is a realm of ideas and words; it is not a realm of 

 objective real things! 



Idealism accuses all scientific men of being materialists, and 

 it divides mankind into two groups — the good and the evil. 

 The good are idealists and the evil are materialists. The 

 idealists are from heaven and the materialists are from hell. 



