98 ABOKIGINAL POTTERY OF EASTEKN UNITED STATES [eth.ann.20 



side. The sig-nificanco of these marivings. which no doubt represent 

 tattooed or painted figures, can onty be surmised in tlie most general 

 way. It happens that some rather indistinct markings at the corner 

 of the mouth have been omitted in the engraving. 



It is observed that on the forehead, at the tojD, there is a small loop 

 or perforated knob. Similar appendages may be seen on many of the 

 clay human heads from this valley. A Mexican terra-cotta head, now 

 in the Museo Nacional, Mexico, has a like feature, and. at the same 

 time, has closed eyes and an open mouth. 



A head covering, possibly the hair conventionally treated, extenas 

 over the forehead and falls in a double fold over the back of the head, 

 terminating in points Ijehind, as is seen in plate xxixe. 



Another vase of a very similar character, now in the Davenport, Iowa, 

 Museum, is aliout one-half the size of this. The face is much muti- 

 lated. A third specimen, also in the Davenport collection, is somewhat 

 larger than the one illustrated in plates xxixc and xxx, but is nearly 

 the same in finish and color. The face has the same semblance of death, 

 but the features are different, possessing somewhat decided Indian 

 characteristics, and there is no tattooing. 



The specimen shown in plate xliii//. and again in jjlate xxxi, was 

 exhumed at Pecan point by agents of the Bureau of Ethnology. 

 In size, form, color, finish, modeling of features, and expression, 

 this head closely resembles the one first described. The work is 

 not quite so carefully executed and the head j)i'obably has not such 

 pronounced individuality. The curious engraved device that, in the 

 other example, appeared near the left ej'o here occurs on both sides. 

 The lower part of the face is elaborately engraved. Three lines cross 

 the upper lip and cheeks, reaching to the ear; a band of fret-like 

 devices extends across the mouth to the l)ase of the ears, and another 

 band, filled in with obli(iue, reticulated lines, passes around the chin 

 and along the jaws. The ears are perforated as in the other case, and 

 the septum of the nose is partly broken away as if it liad once held a 

 ring. A perforated knob has occupied the top of the forehead as in 

 the other examples. The face is coated with a light yellowish-gray 

 wash, and the remainder of the surface is red. 



Four additional examples of the death's head vases are shown in 

 plate xxxn. They present varied characteristics in detail, but all cor- 

 respond closely in the more important features of form and expression. 



TOBACCO PIPES 



In the East anil Northeast the clay tobacco pipes of the aborigines 

 were often superior in execution, design, and decoration to the ordi- 

 nary utensils of clay associated with them. In the central and south- 

 western sections j)ipes were for the most part remarkably rude and 

 without grace of outline, and generally without embellishment, while 



