HOLMES] PIPES AND MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES 99 



tne earthenware of the same territory was well iiiade and exhibits pro- 

 nounced indications of esthetic appreciation on the part of the potters. 



A number of the pipes of the middle Mississippi province are illus- 

 trated in plate xxxiii. Cxeuerall^v thej- are made of the same admix- 

 tures of cla}' and pulverized shell as are the associated vessels. The 

 colors are the ordinary dark and j'ellowish-gTa3^ shades of the baked 

 cla}-. Traces of l)lackening by use are observed, and the bowls in a 

 few instances are still parti}' tilled with the compacted black ash left 

 presumabh' by the native smoker. The shapes are simple, being as a 

 rule slight moditications of a heavj' bent tube somewhat constricted at 

 the elbow and expanding toward the ends. Both openings are large and 

 conic and ai'e often nearly equal in capacity and closely alike in shape. 



Without modification of the fundamental outlines, many varieties of 

 shape were produced, the most common being :i flattening of the liase 

 as though to permit the bowl to rest steadily on the ground while the 

 smoking wss going on, probably through a long tube or stem. This 

 flattening is in many cases accompanied bj- an expansion at the mar- 

 gins, as in plate xxxiii a, h. or by a flattish projection beyond the 

 elbow, as in e. Occasionally the shape is elaborated to suggest rudely 

 the form of some animal, the projection at the elbow being divided and 

 rounded ofl' as though to represent the knees of a kneeling figure, and 

 in rare cases various features of men or other creatures are more fully 

 bi'ought out. In one instance the projection at the elbow becomes an 

 animal head, in another medallion-like heads are set on around the 

 upper part of the bowl. In a and c incised figures have been executed 

 in a rather rude way, the motives corresponding with those found on 

 the earthen vessels of the same region. The specimen shown in a was 

 lent by Mr Warren K. Moorehead. Other variations of the type are 

 illustrated in McGuire's Pipes and Smoking Customs, pp. .530-.536. 

 Typical as well as variously modified forms of this variety of pipe are 

 found in Tennessee. Alabama, Georgia. Florida, and, more rarely, in 

 other states." 



MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES 



The art of the modeler was directed in the main toward the making 

 and emljellishing of vessels, yet solid figurines of men and animals and 

 heads of men, mostly small and rude as though merely toys or funeral 

 offerings, are now and then secured bj- collectors. Specimens are 

 illustrated in the introduction and in connection with various groups 

 of ware. 



In plates xxxiy and xxxv several articles are brought together to 

 illustrate the use of clay in the manufacture of implements, personal 

 ornaments, and articles of unknown or problematic use or significance. 

 The specimens shown in plate xxxiv represent a rather rare varietA' of 



n For soulhurn pipes see tlic various papers of Clarence B. Moore. 



